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Microbiology 2 > M19 > Flashcards

M19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is disinfection

A

process by which the number of microorganism are reduced to a level that is considered safe

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2
Q

what ca still be present after disinfection

A

bacteria
spores
viruses

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3
Q

what is antiseptic

A

antimicrobial agent that can be applied safely to the surface of th body or exposed tissues

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4
Q

what re some common routes of disinfection

A

cleaning
heat
ultrasound
chemicals

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5
Q

what does cleaning do

A

reduce bioburden

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6
Q

what are the ways of cleaning

A

manual auomated
hot water nd detergent
damp dust

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7
Q

what are some heat methods of disinfection

A

pasteurisation
boil water
wash and rinse

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8
Q

what does ultrasound do to disinfect

A

high frequency sound waves
remove dirt
disrupt cell mem
prep o autoclave

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9
Q

what are some chemicals used to reduce microbes on skins nd mucous mems

A

alcohols
centirmide
chlorhexidine
iodine

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10
Q

what are the features of alcohol

A 
wet contact 3 mins 
kill bac
inactivate spores 
evap, flam 
caotropic
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11
Q

what is centirmide

A

low level disinfectant
quaternary ammonium compounds
cationic detergents

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12
Q

what can inactivate centrimide

A

anionic detergents

soap and water

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13
Q

what is common use of chlorhexidine

A

hibiscrub hand disinfection

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14
Q

what is a common use of iodine

A

betadine

surgical scrub

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15
Q

what is a iodophor

A

iodine plus detrgent

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16
Q

what are some chemicals used to reduce microbes on inanimate objects

A

hypochlorites
phenols
alcohols

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17
Q

what are hypochlorites

A

halogen compound

chlorine based

18
Q

what is hypochlorites weak ag

A

tbuercolcidal activity

19
Q

what are the strong and was hypochlorite solutions used for

A

strong - visible blood contemn expo for 2 mins

weak - no blood contemn expo for 10 min

20
Q

what do phenols do

A

denature proteins and disrupt cell mems
spores resist inactivation
hycolin 1%

21
Q

when using disinfectants what is to be considered

A 
range antimicrobial activity 
rate of action 
kind of action 
effect of pH 
stability 
contact time
22
Q

what is sterilisation

A

process by which all microorganisms are killed or removed to render the object incapable of causing infection

23
Q

what is classified as sterile

A

unable to reproduce sexually
free form living microorganisms
1 x 10^6

24
Q

what re some methods of sterilisation

A

heat
chemical
radiation
filtration

25
Q

what depicts the choice of sterilisation method

A

purpose
nature of material
nature of contamination
convenience - time

26
Q

what si the spectrum of microorganisms from sensitive to resistant

A 
viruses 
bac cells
fungal spores
bac spores
prions
27
Q

what is the D value

A

time taken to reduce the viable number of organisms by 90%

28
Q

what is bioburden

A

num bac present

29
Q

Nature of sterilisation media

A

proteinaceous org mat increased chance of survival

30
Q

wat are the diff heat for sterilisation

A

direct
dry heat
moist heat

31
Q

what is dry heat

A

hot air oven

kills by destroy oxo of essential cell constituents

32
Q

what si moist heat

A

kills by coag and denture enzyme and structural protein

autoclaving

33
Q

wha do u do for an autoclave

A 
in container load
steam enter
remove air 
close valves 
stea pressure of set time 
turn off hat 
allow pressure to fall
34
Q

what is the requirements of autoclaving

A

2.25 bar
134 degrees
3 mins

35
Q

what are the controls for heat sterilisation

A

record sheet and probe
browns tube
autoclave tape
spore strips

36
Q

what does formaldehyde vapour do

A

fumigation
lack good penetration
sterilising heat

37
Q

what does 2 % gluteraldehyde do

A

buffered to alkaline pH

inactivated by organic material

38
Q

how does ultraviolet sterilise

A

low energy
good penetration
burns skin
reduces bac count

39
Q

how’d does ionising radiation sterilise

A

high energy
good penetration
carcinogenic
cobalt 60 source

40
Q

whats the way filtration is used to sterilise

A

mechanical process
size exclusion
high efficiency particulate air filters

Microbiology 2 (23 decks)

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