M19 Flashcards
what is disinfection
process by which the number of microorganism are reduced to a level that is considered safe
what ca still be present after disinfection
bacteria
spores
viruses
what is antiseptic
antimicrobial agent that can be applied safely to the surface of th body or exposed tissues
what re some common routes of disinfection
cleaning
heat
ultrasound
chemicals
what does cleaning do
reduce bioburden
what are the ways of cleaning
manual auomated
hot water nd detergent
damp dust
what are some heat methods of disinfection
pasteurisation
boil water
wash and rinse
what does ultrasound do to disinfect
high frequency sound waves
remove dirt
disrupt cell mem
prep o autoclave
what are some chemicals used to reduce microbes on skins nd mucous mems
alcohols
centirmide
chlorhexidine
iodine
what are the features of alcohol
wet contact 3 mins kill bac inactivate spores evap, flam caotropic
what is centirmide
low level disinfectant
quaternary ammonium compounds
cationic detergents
what can inactivate centrimide
anionic detergents
soap and water
what is common use of chlorhexidine
hibiscrub hand disinfection
what is a common use of iodine
betadine
surgical scrub
what is a iodophor
iodine plus detrgent
what are some chemicals used to reduce microbes on inanimate objects
hypochlorites
phenols
alcohols
what are hypochlorites
halogen compound
chlorine based
what is hypochlorites weak ag
tbuercolcidal activity
what are the strong and was hypochlorite solutions used for
strong - visible blood contemn expo for 2 mins
weak - no blood contemn expo for 10 min
what do phenols do
denature proteins and disrupt cell mems
spores resist inactivation
hycolin 1%
when using disinfectants what is to be considered
range antimicrobial activity rate of action kind of action effect of pH stability contact time
what is sterilisation
process by which all microorganisms are killed or removed to render the object incapable of causing infection
what is classified as sterile
unable to reproduce sexually
free form living microorganisms
1 x 10^6
what re some methods of sterilisation
heat
chemical
radiation
filtration
what depicts the choice of sterilisation method
purpose
nature of material
nature of contamination
convenience - time
what si the spectrum of microorganisms from sensitive to resistant
viruses bac cells fungal spores bac spores prions
what is the D value
time taken to reduce the viable number of organisms by 90%
what is bioburden
num bac present
Nature of sterilisation media
proteinaceous org mat increased chance of survival
wat are the diff heat for sterilisation
direct
dry heat
moist heat
what is dry heat
hot air oven
kills by destroy oxo of essential cell constituents
what si moist heat
kills by coag and denture enzyme and structural protein
autoclaving
wha do u do for an autoclave
in container load steam enter remove air close valves stea pressure of set time turn off hat allow pressure to fall
what is the requirements of autoclaving
2.25 bar
134 degrees
3 mins
what are the controls for heat sterilisation
record sheet and probe
browns tube
autoclave tape
spore strips
what does formaldehyde vapour do
fumigation
lack good penetration
sterilising heat
what does 2 % gluteraldehyde do
buffered to alkaline pH
inactivated by organic material
how does ultraviolet sterilise
low energy
good penetration
burns skin
reduces bac count
how’d does ionising radiation sterilise
high energy
good penetration
carcinogenic
cobalt 60 source
whats the way filtration is used to sterilise
mechanical process
size exclusion
high efficiency particulate air filters
