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immunology > lymphoproliferative disorders > Flashcards

lymphoproliferative disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what cancer is divided into acute or chronic

A

leukemia

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2
Q

CLL

A

most commonly diagnosed
only in adults over 60
almost always B cells during bone marrow maturation
associated familial risk - autosomal dominant genes

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3
Q

most common childhood cancer

A

leukemia

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4
Q

what causes lymphomas

A

either B or T cells in SECONDARY LYMPHOID organs

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5
Q

hodgkins lymphoma

A

early age cancer
high cure rate
reed sternberg cells- large non functional B cells from GC

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6
Q

non hodgkins lymphoma

A

older ppl- 50
Mostly b cells, some t and nk cells
no known cause

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7
Q

cancer of plasma cell

A

myeloma

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8
Q

myelomas

A

cancer of plasma cell and produces lots of paraprotein - ig or igl

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9
Q

how are lymphomas staged

A

1- in one lymph node or lymph organ
2- two or more lymph nodes above or below the diaphragm
3- two or more lymph nodes above AND below the diaphragm
4- spread outside lymph nodes and other organs

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10
Q

how is CML staged

A

by % of abnormal blood cells

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11
Q

how is CLL staged

A

0- no symptoms
1- lymph node swollen
2- spleen swollen
3- loss of RBC
4- loss of platelet

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12
Q

enviromental causes of LD cancers

A

chemical agents tranform cells
ionizing radiation daamges DNA
diet and excersixe good

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13
Q

what pathogens cause cancers

A

HIV
epstein barr virus

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14
Q

cancer associated genes

A

pro onco genes- promote cell growth and restric cell death

tumor supressors- p53- restrict cell growth- activate repair,cause cell cycle arrest, or initiate apoptosis

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15
Q

what is hit one of colon cancer

A

loss of apc- tumor supressor gene

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16
Q

hit two of colon cancer

A

DNA hypermethylation- turns on inactive genes

17
Q

hit three of colon cancer

A

activation of RAS- pro oncogene promotes cell growth

18
Q

hit 4 of colon cancer

A

loss of DCC- changes pro survival vs pro death signalling

19
Q

hit 5 of colon cancer

A

loss of p53- tumor supressor gene

20
Q

what is c-myc

A

proto oncogene that is a TF ASSOCIATED W INC GROWTH AND PRO SURVIVAL AND differentiation of cells

21
Q

c-myc and burkitts lymphoma

A

involves B cells
c-myc translocates next to strong B cell promoter in ig HEAVY CHAIN that is hgily active producing lots of c-myc

22
Q

CML explanation

A

chromosome 9- BCR and Chromosome 22- Abl1 that controls cell cycle

abl normally has a regulating domain but making the philadelphia gene in the fusion protein, the control domain is lost so abl is always on

23
Q

what drug helps w philedelphia chromosome

A

imatinib

24
Q

HTLV

A

retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and produces tax transcription factor

induces expression of pro-survival and pro proliferation genes
-upregulates IL2 and IL2R
-C-myc-growth factor B

25
Q

treatment for burkitts lymphoma

A

ritixumab- anti CD20 induces B cell apoptosis

26
Q

human herpres virus 4

A

EBV

27
Q

EBV

A

second hit in multiple hit hypothesis
first being c-myc translocation

28
Q

what proteins does EBV encode for

A

LMP1- mimicks CD40 gives B cells second signal
protect healthy B cells from apoptosis

29
Q

what enviromental factor linked to leukemia

A

ionizing radiation

30
Q

hydrocarbons and solvents

A

and pesticides lead to parental exposre- specificall father inc risk in cancer

31
Q

what cancer does prenatal alcohol consumption lead to

A

AML

32
Q

what inc non hodgkins lymphoma

A

MSFA
Higher animal protein than veg
alcohol
tabacco

fruit and exercise dec risk

33
Q

what treatment for CML

A

imatinib
chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
donor lymphocyte transfusion
vaccination w BCL-Abl ologopeptides

34
Q

imatinib

A

treatment for CML

inactive BCL Abl using tyrosine kinase inhibitors

35
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

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