ch 17 Flashcards
what cells are associated w graft TOLERANCE
T regs
where are grafts likely to be accepted
allografts in immunologically privelaged sites
what is total lymphoid irridation to eliminate lymphocytes
Effectively wipes out the recipient’s own immune cells, creating a
situation where donor stem cells can engraft and form a “new”
immune system safely
when is total lymphoid irridation to eliminate lymphocytes used
Often used in bone marrow transplants or to treat graft-versus-
host disease (GvHD)
* when the donor cells target the recipient cells, can occur with HSCT
what are the generalized immunosupresive therapies
axathioprine
cyclosphosphamide
and both used with corticosteroids (cyclophosphamide w corticosteroids better)
what is better for graft acceptance
specific inhibitor of T cell activation
what is azathioprine
generlize immunosupressive therapy
mitotic inhibitor that diminishes B and T cell proliferation
-dramatically inc survival rates of allografts
what is cyclophosphamide
inserts into DNA helix disrupting it
generalized immunosupressive therapy
what are some specific immunosupressiev therapies
mAbs
soluble CTLA-4 fusion proteins to induce T cell anergy
specific immunosuppressive mAb example
mAb to CD3 depletes T cells prior to transplant (OKT3)
what is a drug that is a soluble CTLA-4 fusion protein
belatracept
transplant bc genetically identical ppl
isograft
transplant from the person to themselves
autograft
transplant form a different species
xenograft
transplant from a non genetically identical person
allograft
what mediates graft rejection
T cells
cd4+ more than cd8+ but both facilitate it together
learned through adoptive transfer
what is the process of graft rejection
first set- 12-14 days
-forms memory for anti graft response
second set- 5-6 days
normally we get revascularization and some neutrophils at the site
in reejction, we get revascularization than LOTS of neutrophils and leads to blood clots and necrosis
what tissues are histocompatible
tissues that are antigenically similar
MHC different loci/genes (found in hymans and other heterozygously outbred populations) lead to rejection
list the antigens from most to least important that lead to rejection
blood groups
MHC compatibility (sped up using molecular assays)
if mismatched, we can use anti-rejection drugs
