Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

immunology > lect 20 > Flashcards

lect 20 Flashcards

1
Q

helibacter pylori

A

stomach cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hep B and c viruses

A

liver cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HPV

A

cervival and head and neck cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are cancer enabling characteristics

A

genome instabiity and tumor promoting inflamation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 6 halmarks of cancer

A

sustaining proliferative signialling
evading growth supressors
resisting cell death
inducing angiogeneis
activating invasion and metastasis
enabling replicative immortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what cancers do immunosupressed patients have

A

lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what ko gene is associated w carcinoma

A

IFN -/-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

large infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer

A

improved survival esp for CD8+ and TH1 (IFNY TNFa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antigens unique to tumors

A

tumor specific antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antigens derived from normal cellular proteins

A

tumor associated antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examples of TSA

A

point mutations
oncogene products like mutatnt ras proteins
mutant supressor P53
Mutant cell cycle regulator CDK5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are TAA examples

A

prostate specific antigen
alpha fetal protein
carcinoembryonic antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

alpha fetal protein cancer

A

liver cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carcinoembryonic antigen cancer

A

bowel cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cancer immunoediting concept

A

EEE

Elimination
Equilibrium
Escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

proposed that immune system supresses development of cancer

A

erlich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

proposed immune surveilence theory - immune system recognizes and removes transformed cells before they become cancer

A

burnett and thomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reported that freq of cancer in immune def mice is same as immune competent mice

A

stutman

19
Q

how are transformed cells removed

A

by combination of innate and adaptive immune cells

20
Q

how do NK cells kill transformed cells

A

produce cytokines like IL12 and IFNY
interact w ligands upregulated on tranformed cells
kill cells w altered MHCI expression
ADCC

21
Q

cytokine TNFa

A

apoptosis

22
Q

cytokines IFNY

A

activate macrophages

23
Q

neo tumor antigens

A

antigens edited by tumor cells bc they are unstable genetically and want to avoid antigen specific T cells and the adaptive immune response

balance bc well make more ag specific T cells and tumor antiggens will continue to change

24
Q

in vivo CAR

A

using viral vectors and nanoparticles to put CAR plasmid in there

  • they target T cells w anti CD3 to put their CAR DNA or mRNA
25
Q

risk of in vivo CAR

A

cytokine storm

26
Q

generations of CAR

A

first generation can produce signal 1
second can produce signal 2
and third has costimulatory domains

27
Q

transfer of cancer case

A

melanoma in equilibrium that wazs thought to be gone was transferred through a kidney transplant

28
Q

melanoma transfer case patients 1 and 2

A

patient 1 died and patient 2 had IFNY treatment that cuased rejection of the kidney

29
Q

what cytokines are in an antitumor microenvrioemnt

A

IFN Y and IL 12

30
Q

what cytokines are in a protumor enviroment

A

TGF B
IL10

31
Q

how do cancer cells escape immune ersonse

A

produce immunosupressive factors
produce T reg ccytokines
attract suppresor type macrophags
upregulate co inhibitory molecules- dampens anti tumor response

32
Q

what are the escape mechanisms for tumors

HLA

A

-not inducing immune response: lack costimulation, upregulation of co inhibition, or down regulation of HLA

if they dont express MHC I ti wont be recognized by CD8+

but then NK cells kill them bc they dont have MHC I

33
Q

other tumor escape mechanisms

A

upregulate PDL1 on tumor

fibrin and collagen- hiddne from immune system

secrete immunosupressive cytokines and factors- trigger immunosupressive macrophages or regulator T cells

T cells exhausted and upregulate coinhibitory receptors like CTLA4 and pD1

low immunogenicity antigen

34
Q

coleys toxin

A

cancer immunotherapy treatment that has heat killed bacteria

35
Q

waht is coleys toxin used for

A

bone and soft tissue sarcoma

activated immune system but not used today

36
Q

non specific immunotherapy

A

IL2 for renal and cell carcinoma

adverse effects too high

37
Q

what immmunotherapy cancer treatment is still uesd today

A

injection of BCG bacteria into bladder

attracts immune cells such as macrophages and DCand activates anti tumor immunity

38
Q

list the cancer immunotherapy strategies

A
  1. toxin conjugatess mAB
  2. adoptively transferred ag loaded DC
  3. adoptively transferred T ecll
  4. engineered CAR T cell
  5. immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD1 and CTLA4)
39
Q

current mAB therapy for cancer

A

tumor molecules- herceptin (anti- HER2) and ritixumab (anti CD20)

immune cell molecuels (ipitilulmab anti CTLA4

40
Q

what cancer vaccines are in use

A

vaccines against oncogenic viruses (HPV)
DC vaccines
oncolytic viruses incorporating tumor antigens

41
Q

what does CD20 do

A

induces apoptosis in B cells leads to tumor cell destruction

activates classical complement
cell lysis throuogh caspase 39
ADCC
phagocytosis through c3b complement

42
Q

cancer vaccines using DC

A

take patient DCs and culture to express specific antigen and put back in patient and now DC can activate T cells in patient

43
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions