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immunology > ch 6 > Flashcards

ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

how does an ag travel in the to LN or spleen

A

by subcapsular sinus macrophage or as soluble ag

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2
Q

how do B cells get ag

A

actively extract it from apc which isnt requirement but makes it more efficient

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3
Q

cSMAC

A

ag: bCR

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4
Q

pSMAC

A

integrins/ adhesion

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5
Q

dSMAC

A

actin

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6
Q

what signal is on ITAMS

A

YxxL/Ix(6-8)YxxL/I

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7
Q

what does the phosphorylation on ITAMS do

A

acts as a docking point for adapter molecules

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8
Q

do B cells need T cell help

A

yes w some antigens - protein antigen

mice needed bone marrow and thymus grafts for SOME antigens

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9
Q

B cells and antigen vs w t cell help

A

by themselves induce activation and proliferation

w t cells induces memoryand differentiatino

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10
Q

what does recognition of ag on B cell lead to

A

upregulation of MHC II and B7 that then binds to CD28 to upregulate CD40

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11
Q

what is CD40 on

A

the b cell

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12
Q

linked recognition

A

both b and T cell recognize the same protein

may be different epitopes

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13
Q

what is the purpose fo the GC

A

b cell activation

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14
Q

how do b cells move in the GC

A

due to cytokine receptors expression changes

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15
Q

what is a characteristic of GCs

A

they are heterogenous, sometimes one clone will take over ther ties it will be a micture of clones

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16
Q

where does SHM occur

A

in GC

17
Q

what is SHM

A

individual point mutatinos in heavy and light chains that are followed by selection of the one w best affinity for the ag

18
Q

AID

A

activation induced cytidine deaminase that prduces opportunity for mutatinos by altering deoxycytidine bases
occurs after SHM

19
Q

what happesn in the light zone of GC

A

B cells activated
apoptosis for b cells wo T fh help and interaction w FDC or ones that react w self antigen

20
Q

what happnes in the dark zone of GC

A

SHM and proliferation

21
Q

IgG and IgM and affinity maturation

A

affinity of igG higher

undergoes affinity maturation while IgM doesnt bc its a pentamer

22
Q

affinity of waht antibody changes after infection

A

igG

23
Q

differences in antibodies

A

there are 5 different CH gene sementa nd 5 different heavy chains

24
Q

what antibodies have a J chain

A

igA and igM

25
Q

what antibodies have a hinge region

A

igG
igD
igA

26
Q

what regulates class switch recombination

A

T cells and causes change in isotype

BUT THE ANTIGEN BINDING SPECIFICITY DOESNT CHANGE

27
Q

differences within isotypes of antibodies

A

some isotypes have subclasses and all igH can pair with lambda or kappa light chain

28
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

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