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immunology > extra lect 5 > Flashcards

extra lect 5 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the n terminus on the antibody

A

on the variable end

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2
Q

how many disulfide bonds in antibodies

A

4

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3
Q

what results in two heavy chain and two light chains

A

mercapteothanol reduction

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4
Q

what results in two Fab and one Fc

A

papain reduction

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5
Q

what resulst in an Fab connected and one Fc

A

pepsin digestion

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6
Q

secreted and membrane ig ahve same _ and different _

A

same fab different fc

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7
Q

antibodies interact w antigens at

A

complementarity detemrining regions (loops n Fab egion)

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8
Q

what is the part of the antibody that isnt CDR called

A

framework region

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9
Q

what kind of interactions mediate ab and ag interaction

A

non covaelnt
ionic
h bond
vdw

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10
Q

most abundant protein in blood

A

albumin

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11
Q

electrophoresis separates proteins by

A

charge and mass positive closer and -ve farther

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12
Q

what reactions prove that Abs are substances

A

agglutination rxns

shows us that the valency of Abs AND antigens is important to have cross linking at zone of equivalnce and prevent clotting

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13
Q

biological consequences of ab binding

A

activation of complement
transcytosis
opsonization
degranulation
ADCC

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14
Q

wjat os trancytosis

A

moving ab across epithelial layers

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15
Q

where does generation of ab diversity occur

A

in bone marrow

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16
Q

what is the igL called

A

bene jones proteins

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17
Q

what are the two types of light chains

A

kappa
lambda

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18
Q

how many possible c gene alleles are there

A

4 bc two light and two parents

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19
Q

where is the 12bp cluster and 23 bp cluster

A

12- v
23- j

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20
Q

how does heavy chain rearrangement work

A

d and j THEN v w the d+j

21
Q

order of b cell types

A

lymphoid stem cell
pro
pre
immature
niave
matuer

22
Q

joining of DNA segment on B cell is regulated by

A

RSS ergions on the DNA that flank the segments

12/23 rule- 12 can only join w 23

23
Q

combinatorial diversity

A

v/d/jj

24
Q

junctional diversity

A

flexibility of RSS joinoing and P and N nucleotide addition

25
Q

what is an episome

A

the garbante signal joint formed from RSS joining by RAG 1/2

occurs if the segments lie in the same direction

26
Q

RAG1/2

A

enxymes that recognize RSS and cut the DNA

27
Q

how do RAG 1/2 work

A

bind- form hairpin
cut the hairpin- form P nucleotide
N nucleotide addition by Tdt

28
Q

what enzyme cleaves the hairpin

A

artemis

29
Q

where does N nucleotide additoin occur

A

in the heavy chain only NOT IN LIGHT CHAIN

30
Q

what happesn if the gene segments are in opposite directions

A

the signal joint remians i nthe genomic DNA and must be ignored through RNA processing

RNA processing is how we have secreeted and membarne bound forms of the same Abs

31
Q

diversity of heavy and light chains occurs

A

independenty of each other

32
Q

what are the gene segments that make up the heavy chain

A

VDJ and Cu

33
Q

apoptosis vs necrosis

A

apoptosis- programmed cell death/ suicide
-involves phagocytes

necrosis- disintegration, and release and inflamamtion

34
Q

what ensures only one Ab per B cell is expressed

A

allelic exclusion and productive rearragement

35
Q

what activates B cells

A

antigen binding

36
Q

12RSS
23RSS

A

12- one turn
23- two turns

37
Q

where are CD markers expressed

A

on b and t cels

38
Q

tCR a chain is like what and TCR b chain is like what

A

a- light
b- heavy

39
Q

chaperone for the TCR

A

CD3
invariant

40
Q

valency and conformation of T and B cell receptors

A

B can bind to two things and has 4 chains
flexible

T can bind to one thing and has two chains
rigid

41
Q

what are the differences bw BCR and TCR

A

TCR not secreted
affinity of binding doesnt change when bound
valency and conformation
antigen recognition- T cells require MHC

42
Q

what is not involved in TCR diveristy that is in BCR divesity

A

SHM
Somatic gene conversion

43
Q

what induces TCR diversity

A

multiple germ line segments
combinatorial VDJ
combinatorial paiting of a and B chains !!!!!
receptor editing
junctional and insertional diversity

44
Q

what dont TCR have that BCRs have

A

RNA splicing

45
Q

what antibody is found on immature B cells

A

igM

46
Q

B cell anergy

A

state of unresponsiveness where B cells that have self reactive Ab go to periphery

47
Q

what happens if RAG genes are mutated

A

NO B OR T CELLS

48
Q

B cell receptor editing

A

mosty on light chain can be on heavy

intercation of BCR w self Ag in BONE MARROW

49
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

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