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immunology > end of midterm 2 review > Flashcards

end of midterm 2 review Flashcards

1
Q

repsonse time of innate immune repsone

A

mintues to hours

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2
Q

resonse time of adaptiev response

A

days

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3
Q

major cell types of innate resonse

A

phagocytes- monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dcs, NK cells
other leukocytes
epithelial and endothelial cells

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4
Q

what are the cell types of adaptive immunity

A

t cells
b cells
APCs

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5
Q

anatomical barriers to infection

A

enzymes and binding proteins
antimicrobial peptides
skin
acidic ph

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6
Q

ILCs

A

mirror t cells

there is three types of immunity

ILC1- similar to Th1
ILC2- similar to Th2
ILC3- similar to th17

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7
Q

TLR homologous to

A

fruit fly toll receptor

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8
Q

tLR recognition

A

variety of things hthroguh LRR extracellular dimers that recognize PAMPs and DAMPs

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9
Q

endosomal vs plasma TLR

A

endosomal recognize viral DNA and plasma rexognizes bacteria and fungi

plasma has TRIF w MyD88

endosomal activates IRFs

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10
Q

what does NFKB do

A

induces innate and inflammatory gene transcription

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11
Q

IFN function

A

feeds back to inhibit viral replication

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12
Q

what receptors function as phagocytic receptors

A

CLRs

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13
Q

what receptors are activates by intracellllar PAMPs and DAMPs

A

NLRs

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14
Q

NLRP3 inflammasome singla 1

A

TLR
CLR
NLR

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15
Q

singla 2 NLRP3 inflammasome

A

act through ROS to activate NEK7

leads to pyroptosis and activation of procytokines IL1 and il18 into thier mature forms

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16
Q

DIRA

A

deficiency of IL1 Receptor antagonist

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17
Q

DIRA treatment

A

kineret
human ILRA

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18
Q

what are rig i like receptors

A

RNA helicaes that recognize viral dsDNA

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19
Q

RIG i

A

major PRR of HCV infection

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20
Q

cgas

A

recognizes cytosolic DNA
activates STING
makes cGMP

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21
Q

sting

A

binds c-di-GMP bacterial metabolite
and activates NFKB and IRF

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22
Q

phagocytic macrophages

A

kuppfler cells- liver
microglial eclls- CNS
alveolar macrophages- lung
peritoneal macrophages- peritoneal fluid

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23
Q

phacocytic dc

A

Langerhand cells inthe skin and mucosa

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24
Q

what do phagocytes recognize microbes through

A

soluble proteins bound to microbes called opsonins thorugh opsonin receptors

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25
Q

what are IFNs

A

protein cytokines

induce neighbour antiviral response

26
Q

what do cytokines do

A

induce and support proinflammatory respone

27
Q

what do complimentproteins recognize

28
Q

IFN system

A

two phases

detection through the receptors
activation

29
Q

clearance of dead or dying cells

A

through macrophages that recognize PAMPs (PS or LPC) or DAMPs on apoptotic or necrotic cells

not on healhty cells expressing CD47

30
Q

how are fungal infectinos controlled

A

mostly by innate immunity

31
Q

fungi avoiding immune system

A

through capsules that block PRR binding giving them acquired immunity

32
Q

trypanosoma

A

african sleeping sickenss

have differnt forms of antigen and we remove one and the other grows

through duplication and translation of their genetic material

33
Q

what are the parasties

A

helminth
protozoa

34
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

forms granuloma inside a tubercle and inhibits phagolysosome fomration

releases lytic enzymes to destroy healthy tissue while infectino is contained

35
Q

bacerial evasion

A

iga degradation

gran +ve and some -ve resistant to compliment lysis

fibrins and m protein avoid phagolysossome

36
Q

N gonorrhea

A

degrade igA antibodies

37
Q

cytokine release syndrom

A

virus induced cytokine storm

38
Q

what disease was eliminated

A

measels but has no treatment

39
Q

HSV infection

A

infects epithelial cells

spreads to sensory cells

infects dorssal root ganglia

dormant in sensory neurons

40
Q

reactivation of HSV

A

sunlight
bact infection
aging
hormone changes
stress

41
Q

influenza

A

point mutations-antigenic drift
gene reassortment- antigenic shift

has segmneted genome

42
Q

orthomyxoviridae

43
Q

polio symptoms

A

flu like
meningitis
paralysis
post polio syndrome- recover but muscle permantyly changed
no treatment

44
Q

long covid timeline

A

4 weeks persistnat symptoms

45
Q

what inc likelihood and dec likelihood of long covid

A

vaccination dec
reinfection inc

46
Q

masked palm civets

A

not covid resivoir bc no widespread infectino in wild or farmed civets plus they have no immunity to sars cov2

47
Q

intermediate hots for covid

A

wild animals and domestic animals

thought to be masked palm civets

48
Q

sars cov2 types

A

7 members
4 common cold
3 severe

49
Q

why do viruses emerge

A

globalization
air travel
poverty
limate change
mega cities
microbial evolution
deforestation

50
Q

antibodies and viruses

A

either directly neutralize or ADCC

51
Q

HCV

A

tropistic in liver

52
Q

vector borne disease

53
Q

what type response is for mucosal

54
Q

type response is for extracellular

A

tye 3. (il17 and tfh)

55
Q

what reponse is for cytosolic and vesucular

56
Q

what pathogens are extracellular

A

fungi and bact

57
Q

what pathogens are mucosal

58
Q

what pathogens are vesiculae

A

bact and parasites

59
Q

what pathogens are intracellular

A

viruses and some bact

immunology (30 decks)

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