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immunology > lect 13 > Flashcards

lect 13 Flashcards

1
Q

vaccine sucess stories

A

small pox
chicken cholera
polio almost

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2
Q

HPV vaccine

A

greately reduces the risk of cancer

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3
Q

onesimus

A

brought scarification from west africa to new england

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4
Q

what is one thing to take into consideration for vaccines

A

what type of immunity the pathogen requirews (cell mediated or humoral)

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5
Q

what do vaccines give

A

immunity against pathogen without infection or associated sickeness

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6
Q

correlates of protection (what immune response induced) or B cells

A

antibodies
neutralization
opsonization
metabolix intereference
EXTERNAL COMPONENT OF ANTIGEN

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7
Q

correlates of protection (what immune response induced) or T cells

A

cytokine productin
B cell help
direct killing of infected cells
processing of antigen means we get both EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL COMPOENNT

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8
Q

enhances immunogenicicity

A

adjuvant

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9
Q

pneumococcal pneumonia antigen

A

capsular polysaccharide

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10
Q

how do adjuvants alter leukocytes

A

recruit them to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine

encourage leukocyte maturation and migration (activation of pAPCs and trafficking to draining lymph nodes)

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11
Q

what type of vaccines induce cell mediated and humoral

A

viral vector
mRNA
live attenuated
some subunits

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12
Q

live attenuated

A

wekaened so cant cause disease or key genes removed to limit viral spread

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13
Q

adjuvant for live attenuated

A

not required

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14
Q

benifits of live attenuated

A

effective and long lasting activating mutiple arms of the immune system

alterantive routes of administration

delivers ag to MHC I and activates CD8+

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15
Q

drawbacks of live attenuated

A

potential for reversion making it virulent

sometimes innaproperiately distributed to immunocomprimised populatinos

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16
Q

oral polio vaccine type

A

live attenuated

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17
Q

flu mist vaccine type

A

live attenuated

18
Q

benifit of whole inactivated

A

including many ag determinates, inc likelihood of response

19
Q

drawback of whole inactivated

A

endo or exo toxin

adjuvant required

repeated administration

trace chemicals

not many alternative routes of administration

20
Q

flu
hep a
injected salk polio
bact- pertussis and typhoid

A

whole inactivated

21
Q

what is a subunit vaccine

ex

A

has rep part of protein from pathogen

ex hep B surface ag
flu vaccine

chemically synth, expressed in cell and then purified

22
Q

whole inactivated adjuvant

A

yes

23
Q

what kind of vaccines are toxoids

A

chemically inactivated subunit vaccines

24
Q

drawbacks of subunit vaccnies

A

requires boosting

requires adjuvant

weak

weaker cell mediated- can be combined w lipid carrier to induce cell mediated

25
Q

polysaccharide memory and vaccine

A

no memory
only igm
bc TI response

26
Q

conjugate vaccines

A

allow for a memory repsonse T-D for polysaccharides

allow for class switching
affinity maturation
generate memory B and T cells

27
Q

VLP

A

no NA, no infection
its a protein that self assembles creating authentic antigenic structures

28
Q

HPV vaccine type

A

VLP

29
Q

drawbacks of VLP vaccine

A

requires adjuvent
requires boosting

30
Q

benifits of VLP

A

humoral immunity greater than natural infection v

31
Q

viral vecor vaccine

A

DNA in a virus that uses human cells from HEK293 from human kidney embryonic cells

32
Q

oxford/astra zeneca vaccine
jand j
sputnik v

A

viral vector

33
Q

ebola vaccine

A

viral vector

34
Q

mRNA vaccine timeline

A

expressed on cell surface by 12-24 hrs
stays for 6-10 days

35
Q

mRNA vaccine types

A

conventional mRNA and self amplifying mRNA

36
Q

mRNA vaccine steps

A

mRNA brought in by endosome and released and ribosome works on it and then it is prcessed by proteosome to ne expressed on MHC

37
Q

what are some serious side effects from vaccines

A

seizures

allergic rxns

guillian barre syndrome

38
Q

Ro and herd immunity

A

inversely proportional

Herd immunity threshold= 1-1/Ro

39
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

disbelief in smth even when shown proof

40
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

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