lect 13 Flashcards
vaccine sucess stories
small pox
chicken cholera
polio almost
HPV vaccine
greately reduces the risk of cancer
onesimus
brought scarification from west africa to new england
what is one thing to take into consideration for vaccines
what type of immunity the pathogen requirews (cell mediated or humoral)
what do vaccines give
immunity against pathogen without infection or associated sickeness
correlates of protection (what immune response induced) or B cells
antibodies
neutralization
opsonization
metabolix intereference
EXTERNAL COMPONENT OF ANTIGEN
correlates of protection (what immune response induced) or T cells
cytokine productin
B cell help
direct killing of infected cells
processing of antigen means we get both EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL COMPOENNT
enhances immunogenicicity
adjuvant
pneumococcal pneumonia antigen
capsular polysaccharide
how do adjuvants alter leukocytes
recruit them to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine
encourage leukocyte maturation and migration (activation of pAPCs and trafficking to draining lymph nodes)
what type of vaccines induce cell mediated and humoral
viral vector
mRNA
live attenuated
some subunits
live attenuated
wekaened so cant cause disease or key genes removed to limit viral spread
adjuvant for live attenuated
not required
benifits of live attenuated
effective and long lasting activating mutiple arms of the immune system
alterantive routes of administration
delivers ag to MHC I and activates CD8+
drawbacks of live attenuated
potential for reversion making it virulent
sometimes innaproperiately distributed to immunocomprimised populatinos
oral polio vaccine type
live attenuated
flu mist vaccine type
live attenuated
benifit of whole inactivated
including many ag determinates, inc likelihood of response
drawback of whole inactivated
endo or exo toxin
adjuvant required
repeated administration
trace chemicals
not many alternative routes of administration
flu
hep a
injected salk polio
bact- pertussis and typhoid
whole inactivated
what is a subunit vaccine
ex
has rep part of protein from pathogen
ex hep B surface ag
flu vaccine
chemically synth, expressed in cell and then purified
whole inactivated adjuvant
yes
what kind of vaccines are toxoids
chemically inactivated subunit vaccines
drawbacks of subunit vaccnies
requires boosting
requires adjuvant
weak
weaker cell mediated- can be combined w lipid carrier to induce cell mediated
polysaccharide memory and vaccine
no memory
only igm
bc TI response
conjugate vaccines
allow for a memory repsonse T-D for polysaccharides
allow for class switching
affinity maturation
generate memory B and T cells
VLP
no NA, no infection
its a protein that self assembles creating authentic antigenic structures
HPV vaccine type
VLP
drawbacks of VLP vaccine
requires adjuvent
requires boosting
benifits of VLP
humoral immunity greater than natural infection v
viral vecor vaccine
DNA in a virus that uses human cells from HEK293 from human kidney embryonic cells
oxford/astra zeneca vaccine
jand j
sputnik v
viral vector
ebola vaccine
viral vector
mRNA vaccine timeline
expressed on cell surface by 12-24 hrs
stays for 6-10 days
mRNA vaccine types
conventional mRNA and self amplifying mRNA
mRNA vaccine steps
mRNA brought in by endosome and released and ribosome works on it and then it is prcessed by proteosome to ne expressed on MHC
what are some serious side effects from vaccines
seizures
allergic rxns
guillian barre syndrome
Ro and herd immunity
inversely proportional
Herd immunity threshold= 1-1/Ro
cognitive dissonance
disbelief in smth even when shown proof
