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immunology > lect 11 > Flashcards

lect 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three phases of the innate imunity

A

physical and chemical barrieres
cellular responses to infection ( macrophages, dendritic celll, nK cell)- pathogen binds to cell and actiavtes it
activataion of adaptive immune responses

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2
Q

what do dendritic cells do in the innate immune response

A

release cytokines and chemokines and antimicrobial substances and lead to inflamation and aid in phagocytosis

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3
Q

what are the innate components of the blood

A

many antimicrobial peptides proteins and other emdiators including cytokines

for adaptie repsonse it is antibodies and cytokines

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4
Q

what are the epithelial barriers

A

skin and mucosal membranes

produce:
acidic pH
enzymes and binding proteins
antimicrobial peptides

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5
Q

what is cholesterol used for

A

membrane targetting of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) it has a negative charge and goes to extracellular membrane leaflet for strong binding of AMP

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6
Q

what are the innate immune cells

A

NK cells
Macrophages
dendritic cells
neutrophils

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7
Q

lysis of viral infected cells
interferon
macrophage activation

A

NK cells

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8
Q

phagocytosis
inflamatory mediators
antigen presentation
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
cytokines
complement proteins

A

macrophages

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9
Q

antigen presentation
costimulatory signals
reactive oxygen species
interferon
cytokines

A

dendritic cells

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10
Q

phagocytosis
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
antimicrobial peptides

A

neutrophisl

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11
Q

what innate cells can do phagocytosis

A

macrophages and neutrophils

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12
Q

where are neutrophils found

A

they circulate in the periphery and usually not found in healthy tissue

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13
Q

how do iLC recognize and respond to infection

A

use innate type molecules and lack Ag specific receptors

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14
Q

how are microbes recognized

A

directly by receotors on phagocytes that recognize PAMPs

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15
Q

how are PAMPS distinguished

A

by cellular location and range of effects caused by ligand binding

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16
Q

variety of things recognized by TLR

A

many types

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17
Q

what do TLR do

A

dont induce phagocytosis

dimerize (hetero to increase diversity of recognition) with extracellualr leucine rich LRR domains that BIND PAMPs and DAMPs

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18
Q

steps of TLRs plasma membrane

A

MYD88 adaptor proteins actiavte TAK1 which activates MAPK pathway and NFKB

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19
Q

what does NFKB do

A

induces innate and inflamatory gene transcription shared amongs TLR

20
Q

steps of endosomal TLRs

A

mYD88 and TRIF adaptor proteins activate TAK1 which activates MAPK and NFKB pathway

IRF induce type I interferon expression

21
Q

what are type i interferosn

A

IFN a/B

22
Q

what are IRFs

A

interferon regulatory factors

23
Q

what is the function of type I interferons

A

when TLR bind to PAMPs on viruses, it induces IFN A/B expression which feeds back to inhibit viral replication

24
Q

what are CLRs

A

c type lectin receptors

25
Q

what do CLRs function for

A

as phagocytic receptors

26
Q

what do CLRs recognize

A

CHO components on funghi, mycobacteria, viruses, parasites, and some allergnets

and trigger NFKB and IFN a/B

27
Q

what are NLRs

A

NOD like receptors

28
Q

what are NLRs actiavted by

A

pAMPS and DAMPS

29
Q

what do NLRs trigger

A

NFKB and IFN a/B

some activate the NLRP3 inflammasome

30
Q

what is the NLRP3 inflamasome

A

when NLRs assemble with other proteins in a complex that activates proteomes necesary for converting inctive procytokines precurosrs of IL1 and IL18 into thier mature forms

31
Q

what are DAMPs

A

danger assocated moleculae patterns

sterile activators like self derived things and enviromentally derived things

32
Q

what are PAMPS

A

pathogen activators that are pathogen derived

33
Q

what are the steps in activating the NLRP3 inflamasome

A

signal 1- TLR, CLR, NOD NLR
signal 2- act thorugh ROS bc of influx of ATP and ions and particulates to activate NEK7

34
Q

what does the NLRP3 inflamasome lead to

A

pro inflamatory cell death called pyroptosis to kill infected cells and activates inflamation via IL1B and IL18

35
Q

kineret anakinra

A

human IL-1RA

36
Q

what is DIRA

A

deficiency of IL-1 receptor atagnist

auto inflamatory disease

37
Q

what are RLRs

A

RIG i like receptors

RNA helicases that function as cytosolic PRRs which are soluble

38
Q

what do RLRs recognize

A

viral ds RNA

39
Q

what is RIG I

A

major PRR of HCV infection

40
Q

what do RLRs trigger

A

signaling pathways to actiavte IRFs to trigger antiviral interferon responses and NFKB transcription factor

41
Q

what does cGAS do

A

recognizes cytosolic DNA and synth cGMP from ATP and GTP

activates STING

42
Q

what does sting do

A

binds c-di-GMP which is a bacterial metabolite

43
Q

what do cGAS and STING do collectively

A

activate NFKB and IRF transrciption factors

44
Q

cytokine storm

A

when SARS-COV2 infects lungs, innate immune cells release pro inflammatory cytokines

leads to panoptosis and cytokine storm loop

TNF and IFNy

systemic inflamaion and multiorgan failure

death

45
Q
A

immunology (30 decks)

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