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MINI 4 > Lymphoid Tissue > Flashcards

Lymphoid Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the respiratory and genitourinary tract prone to invasions by pathogens?

A

lumen is exposed to the external environment. (remember mucosa surfaces are vulnerable to infections)

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2
Q

3 types of lymphocytes are what?

A

1) Nk cells
2) T cells
3) B cells

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3
Q

Which lymphoid tissue is not surrounded by a capsule and why does it look like it is?

A

Diffuse lymphoid Tissue

Because its a lot of lymphocytes clustered together possibly forming nodules in the lamina propia.

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4
Q

Peyers patches are examples of what kind of lymphoid tissue?

A

Diffuse lymphoid tissue or MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)

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5
Q

The initial site of immune response is what kind of Tissue?

A

Diffuse lymphoid Tissue

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6
Q

Name the capsulated lymphoid organs:

A

Spleen
Thymus
Lymph node

(remember tonsils are partially encapsulated)

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7
Q

What makes up the framework in both lymphoid

tissue and lymphoid organs except the thymus?

A

Reticular fibers secreted by reticular cells

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8
Q

In the thymus what forms the framework?

A

epithelial reticular cells

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9
Q

What is Lymphocyte recirculation?

A

The continuous movement of T and B cells from one location to another they are never anchored in the lymphoid tissue or organ

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10
Q

Why do people present with swollen lymph nodes?

A

immune system has been activated to fight an invader so there is an increase of lymphocytes within the node

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11
Q

Where do B lymphocyte become immunocompetent?

A

Red Bone Marrow

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12
Q

Where do CFU-L cells from the bone marrow go to produce immunocompetent T cells

A

Thymus

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13
Q

Why does the cortex stain darkly as compared to the medulla?

A

The cortex has more lymphocytes

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14
Q

Why is the medulla Stain lighter?

A

Because there is less lymphocytes there ( REMEMBER 95% of lymphocytes die by apoptosis before they get to the medulla)

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15
Q

The cytoplasm of the childs thymus contain what?

A

Tonofilaments/Keratin filaments

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16
Q

What is the embryological origin of the ERCs

A

Endoderm

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17
Q

What is the embryological origin of the T lymphocytes

A

Mesoderm

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18
Q

Thymosin, Thymulin and Thymopoetin are secreted by what?

A

Epithelial Reticular Cells

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19
Q

The blood thymus barrier protects the immature thymocytes from antigens. What creates the blood thymus barrier?

A

type 1 ERCs

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20
Q

Fibroblasts in the thymus form what?

A

Capsule and trabeculae

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21
Q

All APCs contain what kind of molecules on them?

A

Class II MHC

22
Q

In the medulla what cells are involved in the destruction of the thymocytes that recognize self?

A

Dendritic cells

23
Q

a rounded globular mass of cells within the medulla is called what?

A

hassals corpuscle

24
Q

Hassals corpuscles are made from what?

A

ERCs

25
Q

The failure the thymus to develop properly is called what? What causes this to occur?

A

Di Georges syndrome

faulty development in the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

26
Q

Germinal centers are found in which lymphoid nodules?

A

secondary ( remember it stains lighter because the B cells are proliferating and switch their class of antibodies)

27
Q

What cell would you find within the germinal center?

A

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC)

28
Q

What is the function of the Follicular Dendritic Cell?

A

they can trap antigens for months or years and They form a network to attract and organize lymphoid cells

29
Q

The embryological origin of FDCs are:

A

Mesenchymal

30
Q

Why are the FDCs different when it comes to their comparison with APCs?

A

They dont have MHC II molecules.

31
Q

The accumulation of lymphatic tissue within the ileum is called what?

A

peyers patch

32
Q

The primary function of M cells?

A

they transfer antigens from the lumen by phagocytocis or pinocytosis without processing them to the lymphocytes and macrophages lying deep within.

  • THEY ARE NOT APCs
33
Q

How do foreign substances reach the palantine tonssils?

A

Crypts

34
Q

Which tonsil will you not find crypts and lies beneath pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

pharyngeal tonsils

35
Q

A single crypt that is lined by non-karitinized stratified squamous epithelium can be found where?

A

Lingual tonsil

36
Q

In the lymph node where do must lymphocytes enter through?

A

HEVs

37
Q

The endothelial cells lining the venules are what?

A

cuboidal

38
Q

Homing is referred to as what?

A

the movement of T and B lymphocytes through the HEVs

39
Q

Where are B cells concentrated within the spleen or lymphnode?

A

Outer cortex

40
Q

Where are T cells concentrated?

A

paracortex

41
Q

The subscapular sinus is composed of what?

A

Loose network of reticulum cells and fibers

42
Q

The main cell type within the medullary cord is what?

A

Plasma Cells and B cells

43
Q

Sinusoids and Splenic cords ( bilroth) are found where in the spleen?

A

Red pulp

44
Q

The periarterioal lymphoid sheath is found where?

A

Within the white pulp

45
Q

White pulp functions as what?

A

Location where B cell clones are found along with T-cells that come from the PALS

46
Q

What is the role of the marginal zone?

A

To trap the antigen from circulation to present it to the lymphocytes of the spleen

47
Q

In the spleen where do the antigens enter?

A

Through the blood ( remember antigens enter through the lymph in the lymph node)

48
Q

Describe the Path of the pathogen as it enters the spleen.

A

Antigen enters through the blood, and goes toward white pulp through trabeculated arteries and marginal sinus»»» APCs detect them by the PALS»> T cells interact with B cells»> B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma»> plasma secretes Igs to the blood circulation

49
Q

Describe the path of open circulation.

A

Blood from white pulp go to&raquo_space;>penicillar arteries»>sheathed capillaries»> percolate in the red pulp cords»> red pulp sinusoids» veins

50
Q

Stave cells line what?

A

Splenic venous sinus

51
Q

How are the damaged RBCs removed when someone does not have a spleen?

A

macrophages in the liver and bone marrow

52
Q

What lymph organs contain efferent lymph vessels?

A

Thymus, Spleen, Tonsils

MINI 4 (23 decks)

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