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MINI 4 > Blood histology > Flashcards

Blood histology Flashcards

1
Q

When comparing Serum and plasma. What are the contents of plasma?

A

Proteins (fibrinogen) ions, nutrients, gases, hormones, vitamins, enzymes

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2
Q

What is the 5 main functions of blood?

A

Transportation, Stabalizing pH, regulating temperature, and a highway for WBC migration

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3
Q

What are the 5 types of fixed cells?

A

Mast cells, macrophages, adipose cells and fibroblast

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4
Q

How do RBCs make energy?

A

Glycolysis

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5
Q

What are the newly synthesized RBCs called?

A

reticulocyte

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6
Q

Define anisocytosis

A

abnormal size of RBCs

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7
Q

What protein is responsible for the shape of the RBCs in order to make them more flexible?

A

Spectrin

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8
Q

What are the membrane proteins on RBCs named?

A

glycophorin and band 3

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9
Q

The removal of bicarbonate in the RBC is done by what two proteins?

A

glycophorin and band 3

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10
Q

A patient who is diagnosed with round convex RBCs has a defect in what 2 proteins?

A

spectrin and ankyrin

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11
Q

Defect in spectrin and ankyrin is called what?

A

Heriditary spherocytosis

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12
Q

Where is the primary location of function for WBCs?

A

tissues

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13
Q

How are WBCs classified as? (2 things)

A

Granulocytes and agrunolocytes

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14
Q

What cells fall under the granulocyte category?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

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15
Q

What cells fall under the agranulocyte category?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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16
Q

During an acute bacterial infection which granulocyte is the first to be at the scene?

A

neutrophils

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17
Q

A patient presents with a pus filled infection. The pus is made up of what two components?

A

dead neutrophils and bacteria

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18
Q

How do Neutrophils select bacteria for phagocytosis?

A

antibodies and chemoattractor emission

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19
Q

When the mitochondria of bacteria bursts, it releases a chemoattractant that is recognized by phagocytic cells. What is the type of chemoattractant?

A

N-formylated peptide

20
Q

Neutrophils contain two main types of granules. What are they?

A

1) azurophilic primary granules

2) specific secondary granules

21
Q

Azurophilic primary granules utilize what enzyme to help generate the “bleach” for the denaturation of microorganisms and its neighboring tissue?

A

myeloperoxidase

22
Q

collagenase is found in which type of granules in the neutrophil?

A

specific secondary granules

23
Q

Describe the Neutrophil oxidative burst in regards to the killing of microorganisms/

A

Burst of oxygen consumption leads to the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. This Reactive O2 radical works with myeolperoxide and halide ions to kill.

24
Q

During the Superoxide production what makes the O2 free radical?

A

Electron transfer from the NADPH.

25
Q

A patient presents with recurrent bacteria/ fungal infections and has developed granulomas in response to chronic inflammation. The proper diagnosis would be?

A

Chronic Granulomatous disease

26
Q

A patient with chronic granulomateous disease has a defect in what?

A

NADPH oxidase enzyme. Which prevents the phagocytic cells to produce superoxide anions.

27
Q

An increase in the granulocyte that would fight a parasite infection would also be responsible for what what kind of reaction?

A

Allergic reactions

28
Q

Eosinophils would be best stained by what?

A

Eosin

29
Q

The main specific granule found in Eosinophils is what?

A

Major basic protein

30
Q

The role of Major Basic protein is to do what? Where will it be located?

A

denature proteins on the plasma membrane of other cells.

Internum

31
Q

The reason for the lowered incidence of Chrons disease in developing countries is due to what?

A

Parasites within the body that keep leukocytes especially eosinophils from activating.

32
Q

Basophils have what immunoglobulin receptor on there membrane?

A

IgE

33
Q

Basophils during infections secrete what two things from their specific granules?

A

Heparin and Histamine

34
Q

When comparing mast cells and basophils, there seems to be no difference except in there locations. Where would you find both of them?

A

1) mast cell- connective tissue

2) basophil- blood

35
Q

Platelets are derived from what giant precursor?

A

Megakaryocytes

36
Q

Platelets are activated by the presence of what?

A

Collagen

37
Q

Platelets have an extensive cytoskeleton what is essential for their clot retraction?

A

actin-myosin

38
Q

What stimulates blood coagulation in the platelets?

A

Platelet factor IV

39
Q

Platelets also function in wound repair by secreting two things that will eventually promote the invasion of fibroblast to form a scar. what are those two things called?

A

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)

40
Q

Methylene Blue is what kind of Dye and what does it stain?

A

1) basic dye

2) stains acidic cellullar structures

41
Q

Eosin is what kind of dye and what does it stain?

A

1) acid dye

2) stains basic cellular structures

42
Q

DNA will stain what color?

A

Blue

43
Q

Hemoglobin will stain what color?

A

pink/red

44
Q

Which type of blood cell can live the longest in the human body?

A

Lymphocytes

45
Q

When looking at an Electron micrograph, what is the distinguishable feature of a eosinophil?

A

you can see the stripe that goes across its granules This stripe is the so-called internum, which is where the major basic protein is found.

MINI 4 (23 decks)

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