Immunology Flashcards
What are the 4 cardinal Signs of inflammation?
Redness
Warmth
Swelling
Pain
The skin is a main physical barrier in innate immunity. It is responsible for secreting which two main chemotactic cytokines?
IL-8
TNF-alpha
Within the skin what is the main APC found ?
Dendritic cells
Within the GI Paneth cells are found and are responsible for secreting what three things as a defense mechanism?
lysozymes
phospholipase A
alpha defensins
The main 3 cells of immunity are what?
1) epithelial cells
2) phagocytes
3) NK Cells
The main 2 phagocytes of the innate immunity are:
Neutrophils
macrophages
The cell that destroys abnormal cells and destroy them even in the absence of a specific trigger is know as what?
NK cells
The Interleukin that promotes the proliferation of NK cells is what?
a) IL-7
b) IL 2
c) IL 17
d) IL 5
IL 2
Bacteria induce macrophages to release IL-6, IL-6 acts on the liver to release what 3 acute phase proteins?
1) C-reactive Protein
2) Fibrinogen
3) mannose binding lectin
The 3 types of PRRs are what?
1) Secreting
2) Phagocytosis
3) signaling
mannose binding protein and C-reactive protein are both examples of what kind of Protein Recognition Receptor?
Type 1 PRR ( remember type 1 PRR are secreted and float around the blood and lymph to bind to certain bacteria/pathogens)
TLRs are found in which type of PRRs?
Type 3
When pathogens bind to TLRs what is the result of this?
activation of signal transduction and expression of cytokine genes
When NF-kB signaling pathway is activated what two cytokines genes does it turn on?
TNF alpha and IL-1
Streptococci is a gram-positive bacteria that can easily bind to which TLR?
TLR-2
Viruses can easily bind to which TLR?
TLR -3 ( remember TLR 3 binds to dsRNA)
Gram negative bacteria contain an LPS that can bind to which TLR?
TLR-4
When looking at a cell. which TLR will you find inside the cell within the endosome?
TLR-3
At the site of infection the recruitment of neutrophils to the scene is done by macrophages that secrete 4 cytokines. What are those 4 cytokines?
IL-8
IL-1
TNF alpha
PG-E2
once the integrins are activated, it is able to bind to what to adhere to the endothelium?
ICAM ( this allows the neutrophil to become marginalized and adhere firmly)
The intracellular killing capacity of the phagocytes may be demonstrated by the reduction of what?
NBT
A low NBT determines what?
NADPH is absent so the cell cant make ROS to kill the pathogen
NK cells contain two mechanisms to kill pathogens, one of those is having the Killer Activating Receptor that binds to PAMPS. Once this receptor binds to the pathogen what is released to kill the pathogen?
perforin and granenzyme
In order list the ADCC cascade.
IgG binds to antigen»» CD16 binds to IgG»> NK activation (K activation of FasL)»_space;» Caspase is activated»>FAs target is destroyed.
What cytokines activate NK cells ? ( 5 of them)
IL-12 IL-15 TNF alpha INF alpha INF beta
KIR on NK cells bind to what on a normal cell?
MHC class I molecule
