Local Anesthesia Flashcards
MOA of local anesthesia
block voltage gated Na channels
Relationship of local anesthesia w/ electrolytes
HYPERKALEMIA - ENHANCES local anesthetic activity
HYPERCALCEMIA - ANTAGONIZES local anesthetic activity
MOST local anesthetics have INTRINSIC VASODILATOR quality EXCEPT
Cocaine
Mepivacaine
Ropivacaine
Degraded by plasma esterase (blood)
FAST ACTING
ESTERS (one I)
Procaine Novocaine Chloroprocaine Benzocaine Cocaine Tetracaine
Degraded by hepatic amidase (liver)
LONG ACTING
AMIDE (two I)
Lidocaine Proparacaine - commonly used in OPHTHALMIC preparations Prilocaine Mepivacaine Bupivacaine Levobupivacaine Ropivacaine Etidocaine
Causes METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
PRILOCAINE/BENZOCAINE
give METHYLENE BLUE
MOST CARDIOTOXIC OUT OF ALL LA
BUPIVACAINE
BUNTIS
CARDIOTOXIC
LONGEST half life among local anesthetics
ROPIVACAINE
Components of Eutectic Mixed Local Anesthetics (EMLA)?
- 5 % LIDOCAINE
- 5 % PRILOCAINE
permits anesthetic penetration of the keratinized layer of the skin – localized numbness
Shortest half life among local anesthetic
Procaine
Topical anesthesia
Cocaine
Tetracaine
