Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Cancer Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Cancer Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that act on S Phase

A 
Cytarabine
6-MP
6-Thioguanine
Methotrexate
Hydroxyurea
Etoposide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drugs that act on G2 Phase

A

Bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drugs that act on M Phase

A

Vinblastine
Vincristine
Paclitaxel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drugs that act on G0 Phase (cell cycle non specific)

A 
Alkylating agents
Antitumor
Antibiotics
Nitrosoureas (Lomustine, Carmustine)
Cisplatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use of chemotherapy in patients with localized cancer before performing local therapy (surgery)

A

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemotherapy done after local treatment procedures such as surgery or radiation

A

Adjuvant Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rescue therapy for Methotrexate

A

Leucovorin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rescue therapy for Cyclophosphamide

A

2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rescue therapy for Doxorubicin

A

Dexrazoxane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rescue therapy for Cisplatin

A

Amifostine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ALKYLATING AGENTS

forms DNA cross links – (-) of DNA synthesis and function

cell cycle non specific

USES:
NHL
breast and ovarian ca
neuroblastoma
CLL
Wilms tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A

Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
Chlorambucil
Mechlorethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SE of Cyclophosphamide

A 
HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS
bone marrow suppression
hepatotoxicity
alopecia
SIADH
cardiac dysfunction
pulmonary toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ALKYLATING AGENTS

USES:
testicular ca
ovarian and bladder ca
lung and advanced colon ca
pancreatic ca
breast ca
H and N ca
gastroesophageal ca
A

Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin

SE:
neurotoxicity (peripheral neuritis, acoustic nerve damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Part of the FOLFOX and FOLFIRI regimen used in the treatment of SOLID tumors that are RESISTANT to Cisplatin and Carboplatin in the basis of mismatch repair defect

A

Oxaliplatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ALKYLATING AGENTS

forms hydrogen peroxide – generates free radicals – DNA strand scission

cell cycle non specific

USES:
HL and NHL
brain tumors

Has the HIGHEST CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL amongst alkylating agents

A

Procarbazine

Dacarbazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ALKYLATING AGENTS

forms DNA cross links – (-) of DNA synthesis and function

cell cycle non specific

USES:
CML

A

Busulfan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SE of Busulfan

A

PULMONAR FIBROSIS
adrenal insufficiency
skin pigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ALKYLATING AGENTS

forms DNA cross links – (-) of DNA synthesis and function

cell cycle non specific

USES:
brain tumor
melanoma, skin cancer
CLL

Special alkylating agent because they are DESIGNED for BRAIN TUMORS

lipophilic – cross BBB

A

NITROSUREAS

Carmustine
Lomustine
Bendamustine

SE:
CNS toxicity (dizziness, ataxia)
N/V
Bone marrow suppression
Skin flushing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

(-) DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE – decreases synthesis of thymidylate, AA< purine nucleotides

(-) AICAR transformylase

S phase

USES:
CHORIOCARCINOMA
acute leukemias
NHL
Primary CNS lymphoma
Breast cancer
H & N cancer
Bladder cancer
RA
Psoriasis 
Ectopic pregnancy
A

Methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SE of Methotrexate

A 
BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
Pulmonary infiltrates and fibrosis
Mucositis
Crystalluria
Diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

Inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis

Activated by HGPRT

USES:
AML, ALL
CML
Lymphomas

A

PURINE

6-Mercaptourine
6-Thioguanine
Azathioprine

SE:
bone marrow suppression
immunosuppression
hepatotoxicity (cholestasis, jaundice, necrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

Inhibits thymidylate synthase, Dihydrofolate reductase and Purine nucleotide synthesis

USES:
mesothelioma
NSCLC

A

PURINE

Pemetrexed

SE:
hand-foot syndrome (palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia)

23
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

Inhibits thymidylate synthase – inhibition of DNA synthesis and function

THYMINELESS DEATH

USES:
BREAST Ca
COLORECTAL Ca
H & N Ca
bladder ca
anal ca
A

PYRIMIDINE

5-Fluorouracil

24
Q

Chemotherapeutic prodrug of 5-FU

A

TEGAFUR

25
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

Inhibits DNA synthesis and repair

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase w/ reduced formation of dNTPs

USES:
AML, ALL
CML in blast crisis

MOST SPECIFIC for the S PHASE of the CELL CYCLE

A

PYRIMIDINE

Cytarabine

26
Q

ANTIMETABOLITES

Inhibits DNA synthesis and repair

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase w/ reduced formation of dNTPs

USES:
PANCREATIC Ca
NSCLL, Bladder Ca
NHL

Capecitabine - COLORECTAL ca, HCC, gastroesophageal

A

Gemcitabine

Capecitabine - oral

27
Q

NATURAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Prevents microtubule assembly

Causes cell arrest at METAPHASE

Acts primarily in M phase of cell cycle

USES:
Acute leukemia
Lymphoma
Wilms tumor
Neuroblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A

VINCA ALKALOIDS

Vincristine

SE:
NEUROPATHY
areflexia
peripheral neuritis
paralytic ileus
28
Q

NATURAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

USES:
Lymphomas
Neuroblastoma
Testicular ca
Kaposi sarcoma
Germ cell tumor
Breast ca
A

VINCA ALKALOIDS

Vinblastine
Vinorelbine

SE:
BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
alopecia
GI distress

29
Q

NATURAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport

A

PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
-TOPO

Etoposide
Teniposide

30
Q

NATURAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Inhibits DNA topoisomerase I

USES:
Tepotecan - advanced ovarian ca, SCLC

Irinotecan - metastatic colorectal cancer

A

CAMPTOTHECIN
-TECAN

Tepotecan
Irinotecan

31
Q

NATURAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Interferes with MITOTIC SPINDLE

Prevents microtubule DISASSEMBLY into tubulin monomers

USES:
ADVANCED BREAST CANCER and ovarian ca
lung ca
gastroesophageal ca
gastric ca
prostate ca
A

TAXANES

Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Cabazitaxel

32
Q

SE of Paclitaxel

A

Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Peripheral neuropathy

33
Q

SE of Docetaxel

A

Neurotoxicity
Bone marrow suppression
Fluid retention

34
Q

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

Intercalates b/w base pairs
Inhibits topoisomerase II
Generates free radicals – single and double stranded DNA breaks

USES:
breast ca
HL and NHL lymphoma
soft tissue sarcoma
endometrial cancer
SCLC
NSCLC
ovarian ca
AML, ALL
Wilms tumor
neuroblastoma
A

ANTHRACYCLINE

Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Idarubicin
Epirubicin
Mitoxantrone

SE:
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

35
Q

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

Generates free radicals – DNA strand breaks
Intercalates with DNA

MOST SPECIFIC for G2 phase

A

Bleomycin
Mitomycin

SE:
PULMONARY FIBROSIS

36
Q

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

Binds to double stranded DNA
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis

USES:
Wilms tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Actinomycin

Dactinomycin

37
Q

HORMONAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Suppresses inflammation and immune response
May trigger APOPTOSIS and work on NON DIVIDING cancer cells

USES:
CLL
HL

A

GLUCOCORTICOID

Prednisone

38
Q

HORMONAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Estrogen antagonist - breast tissue and CNS
Estrogen agonist - uterus, liver and bone

USES:
Hormone sensitive breast ca

A

SERMS

Tamoxifen
Toremifene

39
Q

HORMONAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Competitive antagonist at androgen receptor

USES:
PROSTATE Ca
Surgical castration

A

ANDROGEN ANTAGONIST

Flutamide
Bicalutamide
Nilutamide

40
Q

Must be co-administered with flutamide to prevent acute flare-up of prostate cancer

A

GnRH analogs (Leuprolide)

41
Q

HORMONAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Increased LH and FSH secretion with INTERMITTENT administration

Decreased LH and FSH secretion with PROLONGED CONTINUOUS administration

USES:
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Endometriosis
Myoma uteri
Precocious puberty
Prostate cancer
A

GnRH ANALOG

Leuprolide
Gonadorelin
Nafarelin

42
Q

HORMONAL ANTICANCER DRUGS

Reduces estrogen synthesis by (-) aromatase

USES:
breast ca (esp in menopausal state)
precocious puberty

A

ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR

Anastrozole
Letrozole

43
Q

Effective against breast cancers that have become resistant to tamoxifen

A

Anastrozole

Letrozole

44
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

USES:
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
GIST

A 
Imatinib
Dasatinib
Nilotinib
Crizotinib
Afatinib
Nintedanib
Regorafenib
45
Q

TKI also used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Nintedanib

46
Q

Acts against breast cancer cells that overexpress the HER-2/neu receptor for epidermal growth factor

USES:
metastatic breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab
Pertuzumab
Lapatinib

SE:
CHF

47
Q

Inhibits binding of VEGF to VEGFR – inhibition of VEGF signaling

Inhibits tumor vascular permeability but enhances tumor blood flow and drug delivery

A 
Bevacizumab
Sorafenib
Sunitinib
Pazopanib
Lenvatinib
48
Q

Binds to a surface protein in NHL cells
Induces complement mediated lysis, direct cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis

CD20 (-)

USES:
NHL (low grade)

A

Rituximab

49
Q

Binds to EGFR and (-) downstream EGFR signaling, enhances response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy

USES:
COLORECTAL Ca
H&N Ca
NSCLC

A

Cetuximab
Panitumumab
Nimotuzumab

SE:
infusion reaction
skin rash
hypomagnesemia
fatigue
interstitial lung disease
50
Q

Inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase – inhibition of EGFR signaling

USES:
NSCLC
Pancreatic ca

A

Erlotinib

Gefitinib

51
Q

Endogenous glycoproteins with antineoplastic immunosuppressive and antiviral actions

USES:
Hairy cell leukemia
CML
T-cell lymphomas

A

Interferon-alpha

52
Q

Hydrolyzes circulating L asparaginase – rapid (-) protein synthesis

USES:
ALL

A

Asparaginase

53
Q

Allows DNA transcription and differentiation of immature leukemic promyelocytes into mature granulocytes

A

All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)

Pharmacology (72 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions