Autonomic Drugs Flashcards
Direct Acting Cholinomimetics
Acetylcholine Carbachol Bethanechol Pilocarpine Nicotine Varenicline
Direct Acting Cholinomimetics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Quarternary Amines (can’t cross BBB)
Edrophonium
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Tertiary Amines (can cross BBB)
Physostigmine
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Organophosphates
Echothiopate (irreversible)
Antimuscarinic Agents
Atropine Scopolamine Ipratropium, Tiotropium Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate Benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl Oxybutynin Fesoterodine Solifenacin Tolterodine Trospium Chloride
OTHERS
Pralidoxime
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers
Curare Cisatracurium Pancuronium Rocuronium Vecuronium Atracurium Tubocurarine
Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonist
Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine Fenoldopam Dobutamine Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Midodrine Clonidine Albuterol, Terbutaline Salmeterol, Formoterol Ritodrine Mirabegron Methyldopa, Guanfancine, Guanabenz Apraclonidine, Brimonidine
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Succinylcholine
Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists
Amphetamine
Tyramine
Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists
Ephedrine
Pseudoephedrine
Adrenergic Antagonist
ALPHA-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS
Phenotolamine Phenoxybenzamine Prazosin Terazosin Tamsulosin Alfuzosin Yohimbine
Benzodiazepenes
Alprazolam Triazolam Oxazepam Midazolam Temazepam Lorazepam Clonazepam Chlordiazepoxide Diazepam Flurazepam
Clorazepate
Estazolam
Quazepam
Barbiturates
Amobarbital Butabarbital Mephobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital Secobarbital Thiopental
Child has swallowed the contents of ,2 bottles of a nasal decongestant whose primary ingredient is a potent selective a adrenoceptor agonist drug.
The signs of alpha activation that may occur in this patient include
a. bronchodilation
b. cardioacceleration
c. pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
d. vasodilation
e. all of the above
C. pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
Full activation of the sympathetic nervous system as in maximal exercise can produce ALL of the ff responses EXCEPT
a. bronchodilation
b. decreased intestinal motility
c. increased renal blood flow
d. mydriasis
e. increased heart rate (tachycardia)
c. increased renal blood flow
Nicotinic receptor sites include ALL of the ff EXCEPT
a. bronchial smooth muscle
b. adrenal medullary cells
c. parasympathetic ganglia
d. skeletal muscle
e. sympathetic ganglia
a. bronchial smooth muscles
Several children at a summer camp were hospitalized with symptoms thought to be due to ingestion of food containing botulinum toxin. The effects of botulinum toxin include
a. Bronchospasm
b. Accomodation
c. Diarrhea
d. Increase Heart Rate
d. Increase Heart Rate
Parathion has which one of the ff characteristics?
a. Inactivated by conversion to paraoxon
b. It is less toxic to human than malathion
c. It is poorly absorbed through skin and lungs
d. Its toxicity if treated early may be partly reversed by pralidoxime
d. Its toxicity if treated early may be partly reversed by pralidoxime
Parathion has which one of the ff characteristics?
a. Inactivated by conversion to paraoxon
b. It is less toxic to human than malathion
c. It is poorly absorbed through skin and lungs
d. Its toxicity if treated early may be partly reversed by pralidoxime
A crop duster pilot has been accidentally exposed to a high concentration of agricultural organophosphate insecticide. If untreated the cause of death from such a poisoning would probably be
a. cardiac arrhythmia
b. GI bleeding
c. heart failure
d. hypertension
e. respiratory failure
e. respiratory failure
Mr. Green has just been diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Pyridostigmine and neostigmine may cause which one of the ff?
a. Bronchodilation
b. Cycloplegia
c. Diarrhea
d. Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
e. Reduced gastric acid secretion
C. diarrhea
Atropine overdose may cause which one of the ff?
a. GI smooth muscle cramping
b. Increased cardiac rate
c. Increased gastric secretion
d. Pupillary constriction
e. Urinary frequency
B. Increased cardiac rate
Dilation of vessels in skeletal muscles, constriction of cutaneous vessels and positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart are all actions of
a. Acetylcholine
b. Epinephrine
c. Isoproterenol
d. Metaproterenol
e. Norepinephrine
e. Epinephrine
B2 stimulants frequently cause
a. Direct stimulation of renin release
b. Increased cGMP in mast cells
c. Skeletal muscle tremor
d. Vasodilation in the heart
c. Skeletal muscle tremor
Phenylephrine causes
a. constriction of vessels in the nasal mucosa
b. increased gastric secretion and motility
c. increased skin temp
d. miosis
a. constriction of vessels in the nasal mucosa
Adverse effects that limit the use of adrenoceptor blockers include
a. bronchoconstriction from a blockung agents
b. heart failure exacerbation from B blockers
c. impaired blood sugar response with a blockers
d. increased intraocular pressure w/ B blockers
e. sleep disturbances form a blocking drugs
b. heart failure exacerbation from B blockers
