Lesson 22: Grammar Review Flashcards
Counting numbers are called ___ numbers.
cardinal
The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in ___.
-i
In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in ___, ___, and ___, but not ___.
gender, number, case; declension
The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.
penult; antepenult
Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.
glória Jesu
The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is __.
a
2nd-declension -us nouns are usually ___ in gender.
masculine
Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.
grammatical
The predicate tells ___
what the subject is or does
The to be verb shows ___, not ___.
existence; action
The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is ___.
-are
What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?
were, was
What are principal parts? How many are there?
The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.
How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.
six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of
/k/
What is the direct object case?
accusative
What is Sentence Pattern #4?
Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Nominative
Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.
personal, tense; case
The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in ___.
-ae
How do you find the present stem?
Drop re from the infinitive
The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?
a past action completed prior to another past action
The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a future action that will be completed prior to another future action
The 1st person is the person ___.
The 2nd person is the person ___.
The 3rd person is the person ___.
speaking
spoken to
spoken about
What is Sentence Pattern #2?
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.
table, a table, the table
Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ___ numbers.
ordinal
What is the in/by/with/from case?
ablative
How many declensions are there? Name them.
five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
What is Sentence Pattern #1?
Subject + Verb
Verb familes are called ___, and noun families are called ___.
conjugations; declensions
In English I praise is the ___ present, I am praising is the ___ present, and I do praise is the ___ present.
simple; progressive; emphatic
The tenses that make up the present system are ___, ___, ___ and they are built on the ___.
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem
Give the two grammar numbers.
singular, plural
The subject and verb must agree in ___.
person and number
What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
had
The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the ___.
the future tense of sum; 3rd person plural
Latin does not have the English articles ___.
a, an, the
In Latin grammar, imperfect means ___.
not finished
Name the cases in order.
nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
The imperfect tense sign is ___.
ba
What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?
will
What is the possessive case?
genitive
The subject tells
who or what the sentence is about
The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.
to
Give three translations for amavi.
I loved, I have loved, I did love
The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.
genitive singular
What is the name of the 2nd principal part?
infinitive
The three genders are ___.
masculine, feminine, neuter
Give the four attributes of nouns.
declension, gender, number, and case
The present system is built on the ___.
present stem
The pluperfect tense endings are identical to ___.
the imperfect tense of sum
In Latin grammar, perfect means ___.
finished
Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.
a, e, i, o, u
/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/
1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?
feminine
Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are ___.
agricola, nauta, poeta
What is the first complement in this text?
the complementary infinitive
Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have ___ case endings.
the same
Give the three grammar persons.
first person, second person, third person
What is the neuter rule?
nominative and accusative endings are the same
nominative and accusative plural ending is -a
Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.
quantity or size; quality
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.
-o -are -avi -atus
Give the English forms of the to be verb.
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
will have
What is Sentence Pattern #3?
Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Adjective
Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.
conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood
What is the indirect object case?
dative
Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.
simple present, progressive present, emphatic present
What is the to/for case?
dative
What does an adjective do?
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
2nd-declension -um nouns are always ___ in gender.
neuter
Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.
/s/; /ch/
Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.
natural; sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.
What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?
have, has, did
The imperfect tense is used to describe an ___, ___, ___ or ___ ___action.
ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted
The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.
antepenult; penult; ultima
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before
e, i, ae, oe
How do you find the perfect stem?
Drop -i from the 3rd principal part.
To what does the case of a noun refer?
the job (function) of a noun in a sentence
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before
a, o, u, consonants
What is the of case?
genitive
In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.
/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.
- -us nouns with masculine gender
- -um nouns with neuter gender
Something that completes the action of the verb is a ___.
complement
The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a one-time action completed in the past
What is the subject case?
nominative
The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.
trumps
How many conjugations are there? Name them.
four; first, second, third, fourth
The three tenses that make up the present system are ___.
present, imperfect, future
The genitive singular of a 3rd-declension noun always ends in ___.
-is
How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the genitive singular ending.
The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.
the subject and the predicate
Verb families are called ___.
conjugations
