Lesson 17: Grammar Review Flashcards
The three tenses that make up the present system are ___.
present, imperfect, future
In English I praise is the ___ present, I am praising is the ___ present, and I do praise is the ___ present.
simple; progressive; emphatic
2nd-declension -um nouns are always ___ in gender.
neuter
The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a one-time action completed in the past
What is the to/for case?
dative
What is the possessive case?
genitive
Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.
grammatical
The predicate tells ___
what the subject is or does
Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.
personal, tense; case
Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.
table, a table, the table
How many declensions are there? Name them.
five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
The pluperfect tense endings are identical to ___.
the imperfect tense of sum
How many conjugations are there? Name them.
four; first, second, third, fourth
What is Sentence Pattern #2?
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
Give three translations for amavi.
I loved, I have loved, I did love
What is the first complement in this text?
the complementary infinitive
The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.
the subject and the predicate
The to be verb shows ___, not ___.
existence; action
What are principal parts? How many are there?
The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.
The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
What is the of case?
genitive
To what does the case of a noun refer?
the job (function) of a noun in a sentence
The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
What is the subject case?
nominative
Give the two grammar numbers.
singular, plural
The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.
trumps
The subject tells
who or what the sentence is about
In Latin grammar, perfect means ___.
finished
The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in ___.
-ae
Give the English forms of the to be verb.
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.
glória Jesu
Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are ___.
agricola, nauta, poeta
In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of
/k/
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.
- -us nouns with masculine gender
- -um nouns with neuter gender
How do you find the present stem?
Drop re from the infinitive
What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?
will
In Latin grammar, imperfect means ___.
not finished
What is Sentence Pattern #1?
Subject + Verb
Give the three grammar persons.
first person, second person, third person
What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?
were, was
In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.
/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)
What is the in/by/with/from case?
ablative
The tenses that make up the present system are ___, ___, ___ and they are built on the ___.
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem
2nd-declension -us nouns are usually ___ in gender.
masculine
The imperfect tense is used to describe an ___, ___, ___ or ___ ___action.
ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted
The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in ___.
-i
1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?
feminine
Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.
/s/; /ch/
The present system is built on the ___.
present stem
The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.
to
The three genders are ___.
masculine, feminine, neuter
Verb families are called ___.
conjugations
What is the direct object case?
accusative
Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.
conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood
Name the cases in order.
nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is ___.
-are
What is the name of the 2nd principal part?
infinitive
What is the neuter rule?
nominative and accusative endings are the same
nominative and accusative plural ending is -a
The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the ___.
the future tense of sum; 3rd person plural
The 1st person is the person ___.
The 2nd person is the person ___.
The 3rd person is the person ___.
speaking
spoken to
spoken about
Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.
antepenult; penult; ultima
Verb familes are called ___, and noun families are called ___.
conjugations; declensions
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before
a, o, u, consonants
Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.
a, e, i, o, u
/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/
Something that completes the action of the verb is a ___.
complement
What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
had
Latin does not have the English articles ___.
a, an, the
The imperfect tense sign is ___.
ba
Give the four attributes of nouns.
declension, gender, number, and case
Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.
natural; sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.
What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?
have, has, did
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.
-o -are -avi -atus
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before
e, i, ae, oe
Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.
simple present, progressive present, emphatic present
The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.
penult; antepenult
The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is __.
a
How do you find the perfect stem?
Drop -i from the 3rd principal part.
The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a future action that will be completed prior to another future action
What is the indirect object case?
dative
How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.
six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
will have
The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?
a past action completed prior to another past action
