Lesson 21 Grammar Review

Question 1

The perfect active infinitive is formed by adding ___ to the ___ stem. The future active infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___. The perfect passive infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___.

Answer 1

-isse; perfect; future active participle; esse; perfect passive participle; esse

Question 2

In indirect questions, the subjunctive is translated using ___ meanings.

Answer 2

subjunctive

Question 3

A ___ pronoun begins a subordinate adjective clause and refers to a stated or understood antecedent. These clauses are called ___ clauses.

Answer 3

relative; relative

Question 4

When the ablative is used to show FROM WHAT THING someone or something has been separated, the ablative either ___ a preposition or ___ one of the above prepositions is used

Answer 4

without; with

Question 5

What case is the gerund missing? What gender and number is the gerund?

Answer 5

nominative; neuter, singular

Question 6

What Latin question word expects the response “yes”? ___ “no”? ___

Answer 6

nonne; num

Question 7

If a sentence has an independent and a subordinate clause, the verbs in the two clauses must coordinate with respect to ___.

Answer 7

time

Question 8

Like participles, infinitives have tense and voice, and only exist in three tenses: ___.

Answer 8

persent, perfect, and future

Question 9

What is the basic translation of the gerundive, using amo as an example?

Answer 9

to be loved

Question 10

An indirect statement in Latin is indicated by the ___ construction, which 1) changes the verb to a/an ___, and 2) puts the subject in the ___ case

Answer 10

accusative with infinitive; infinitive; accusative

Question 11

The Latin relative pronoun is ___.

Answer 11

qui quae quod

Question 12

When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.

Answer 12

ablative of means; omitted

Question 13

The genitive of qui quae quod is used to show ___ but functions as a ___.

Answer 13

posession; pronoun

Question 14

The ___ and ___ tenses are called primary tenses. The Latin primary tenses are ___.

Answer 14

present; future; present, future, future perfect

Question 15

In the gerundive of obligation, the gerundive will agree with the subject in ___.

Answer 15

gender, number, and case

Question 16

When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.

Answer 16

the ablative of agent; a/ab

Question 17

Indirect statements are often introduced by the word ___, but not always.

Answer 17

that

Question 18

The Latin interrogative pronoun is ___.

Answer 18

quis quid

Question 19

The relative pronoun follows the ___ Agreement Rule.

Answer 19

Pronoun

Question 20

As a verb, a participle has ___ and ___.

Answer 20

tense; voice

Question 21

The present active participle is formed by adding the following endings to the ___ stem: ___ in the 1st/2nd conjugations; ___ in the 3rd, 3rd io, and 4th conjugations.

Answer 21

present; -ns; -ens

Question 22

One way to group the indicative tenses is by the stem. Another is by ___.

Answer 22

time

Question 23

The tenses of the perfect passive system are ___ verbs.

Answer 23

compound

Question 24

The ablative can only be used instead of quam when the word being compared is in the __ or ___ case, and when the ablative would not be ___.

Answer 24

nominative; accusative; ambiguous

Question 25

Some verbs may take two accusatives instead of one. One example is verbs that call someone something, where the something is called a ___ and the construction is called the \_\_\_.

Answer 25

predicate accusative; double accusative

Question 26

A participle is a/an \_\_\_.

Answer 26

verbal adjective

Question 27

Give an example of the ablative of agent.

Answer 27

**Galli a Caésare superantur.** The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.

Question 28

What two words are not cities or small islands, but have a locative? What are their locatives?

Answer 28

**domus, rus;** **domi ruri**

Question 29

The present participle is a ___ declension adjective of ___ termination.

Answer 29

3rd; one

Question 30

When **sum** is used to mean *there* *is* or *there are,* **sum** will be in the ___ person, and is usually the ___ word in the sentence or ___ the subject.

Answer 30

third; first; before

Question 31

To form the gerundive, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.

Answer 31

-ndus; -endus

Question 32

As with indirect questions, the translation of the subordinate clause verb (i.e., the indirect statement verb) will depend on whether the main verb is a ___ or ___ tense.

Answer 32

primary; secondary

Question 33

When the ablative is used to show FROM WHAT PERSON someone or something has been separated, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposiiton \_\_\_.

Answer 33

ablative of separation; **a(ab), de,** or **e (ex)**

Question 34

The conjugation of possum is easy to remember: if a form of sum begins with s, prefix \_\_\_; if a form of sum begins with e, prefix \_\_\_.

Answer 34

pos-; pot-

Question 35

When a relative pronoun is used to introduce a purpose clause, the relative pronoun still follows the \_\_\_.

Answer 35

Pronoun Agreement Rule

Question 36

An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun that \_\_\_. As a pronoun, it follows the ___ Agreement Rule.

Answer 36

ask a question; Pronoun

Question 37

The ___ tenses are called secondary tenses. The Latin secondary tenses are \_\_\_.

Answer 37

past; imperfect, perfect, pluperfect

Question 38

In the sentence “It rains,” the word it is a/an ___ subject without reference to a real person or thing.

Answer 38

grammatical

Question 39

What case and number of the present participle does not have the usual case ending? What is the usual ending? What ending does the present participle have?

Answer 39

ablative singular; -i; -e

Question 40

When we report a question instead of asking it directly, we are asking an ___ question. This type of question is a ___ clause.

Answer 40

indirect; subordinate

Question 41

To form the gerund, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.

Answer 41

-ndi; -endi

Question 42

The rule for this coordination is called the \_\_\_.

Answer 42

Sequence of Tenses

Question 43

The declension of the interrogative adjective is identical to that of the ___ except in the nominative masculine singular, where ___ is used to say what or which and ___ is used to say what sort of or what kind of.

Answer 43

relative pronoun; **quis; qui**

Question 44

**īdem** is simply the demonstrative pronoun ___ with the suffix ___ added to the end of each form.

Answer 44

**is ea id**; **-dem**

Question 45

An infinitive is a \_\_\_.

Answer 45

verbal noun

Question 46

What word shows obligation in English?

Answer 46

must

Question 47

A gerund is a/an \_\_\_.

Answer 47

verbal noun

Question 48

There are two types of clauses. An ___ clause can stand alone as a complete thought. A ___ clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought.

Answer 48

independent; subordinate

Question 49

Specifically, it (the gerundive) is the ___ and is declined like a regular ___ declension adjective.

Answer 49

future passive participle; 1st/2nd

Question 50

A participle is a \_\_\_.

Answer 50

verbal adjective

Question 51

How may participles are there in Latin? ___ Name them.

Answer 51

3; perfect passive, future active, and present active

Question 52

Forms of **is** ending in **-m** change the final **-m** to a/an \_\_\_. Give an example.

Answer 52

**-n; eundem, eandem, eorundem, earundem**

Question 53

\_\_\_ verbs do not have a personal subject.

Answer 53

Impersonal

Question 54

Is the gerund an adjective? In the sentence “I see the boy throwing a javelin,” what part of speech would you use to say throwing?

Answer 54

No; a present active participle

Question 55

Give two examples of Latin nouns with plural forms that have singular meanings in English. Write the Latin and English.

Answer 55

**insidiae** (plot, ambush), **castra** (camp), **impedimenta** (baggage, baggage train), **angústiae** (when it means "narrow place")

Question 56

The Latin interrogative adjective is \_\_\_.

Answer 56

qui quae quod

Question 57

The place or location of something is in the ___ case.

Answer 57

locative

Question 58

The interrogative adjective is an adjective that \_\_\_. As an adjective, it follows the ___ Agreement Rule.

Answer 58

asks a question; Adjective

Question 59

The 4th principal part is a \_\_\_.

Answer 59

participle

Question 60

The gerundive is a particple, a/an \_\_\_.

Answer 60

verbal adjective

Question 61

Purpose clasues may be introduced by **ut/ne** or by a/an \_\_\_\_.

Answer 61

relative pronoun

Question 62

Give an example of an ablative of means.

Answer 62

**Galli gládio superantur.** The Gauls are overcome by the sword.

Question 63

The Latin word for when is \_\_\_. Clauses beginning with when are called ___ in Latin.

Answer 63

cum; cum-clauses

Question 64

Give two examples of Latin nouns that have only plural forms and meanings. Write the Latin and English.

Answer 64

**liberi** (children), **arma** (arms, weapons), **hiberna** (winter quarters), **angustiae** (when it means "difficulties")

Question 65

What does whither mean? Whence?

Answer 65

to what place; from what place

Question 66

The infinitive is used in the ___ and ___ cases. The gerund is used in the \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and ___ cases.

Answer 66

nominative; accusative; genitive; dative; ablative

Question 67

Depending on where a relative clause is placed, a sentence may have two ___ in a row. the ___ verb after the relative pronoun usually goes with the relative pronoun.

Answer 67

verbs; first

Question 68

Instead of quam, the ___ without a preposition may be used to express a comparison.

Answer 68

ablative

Question 69

Some nouns have plural forms only, but may have a singular or plural \_\_\_. A noun and its verb must agree in person and \_\_\_.

Answer 69

meaning; number

Question 70

As a noun, an infinitive is ___ in gender, ___ in number, and \_\_\_

Answer 70

neuter; singular; indeclinable

Question 71

In the gerundive of obligation, the person who performs the action of the verb is expressed by the ___ case. This construction is called the \_\_\_.

Answer 71

dative; dative of agent

Question 72

What other verbal noun have you learned? (besides the gerund)

Answer 72

infinitive

Question 73

The word ___ indicates a direct quotation. This word is always placed ___ the quotation and never ___ it.

Answer 73

**inquit**; inside; before

Question 74

Indirect statements are ___ clauses, and are introduced by a verb of \_\_\_.

Answer 74

subordinate; speaking, thinking, or perceiving

Question 75

When used in an indirect statement, an impersonal verb is changed to a/an infinitive and the subject, which had been indicated by the personal ending, is \_\_\_.

Answer 75

infinitive; omitted

Question 76

To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.

Answer 76

passive; active

Question 77

As an adjective, a participle agrees with its noun or pronoun in \_\_\_.

Answer 77

gender, number, and case

Question 78

The verbs in a sentence with an indirect statement must correspond. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place at the same time as the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place before the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place after the main verb.

Answer 78

present; perfect; future

Question 79

A relative clause of purpose cannot be used if the relative pronoun would agree with the ___ of an ___ verb.

Answer 79

subject; active

Question 80

The verb ___ can be used to mean ___ or ___ in the sense of existence

Answer 80

sum; there is; there are

Question 81

A/an ___ statement is a statement reported by someone else.

Answer 81

indirect

Question 82

Indirect statements use the ___ in the subordinate clause.

Answer 82

infinitive

Question 83

An active English sentence that shows obligation must be rewritten in the ___ before translating.

Answer 83

passive

Question 84

The declension of the gerund is identical to the ___ declension.

Answer 84

2nd

Question 85

How many infinitives are there in Latin? How many are active? How many are passive?

Answer 85

6; 3; 3

Question 86

What is the one irregularity in the present passive system of each conjugation?

Answer 86

1st conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense **beris** 2nd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense **beris** 3rd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense **eris** 3rd **io** conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense **eris** 4th conjugation - NONE

Question 87

If a purpose clause is negative, ___ must be used.

Answer 87

**ne**

Question 88

Give the **Locative Rule**.

Answer 88

For cities and small islands, the locative is identical to the ablative except in the 1st and 2nd declension singular, where it is identical to the gentiive. It is translated by *in* or *at*.

Question 89

The Romans showed obligation by using a ___ verb consisting of the ___ and a form of \_\_\_. This construction is called the \_\_\_.

Answer 89

compound; gerundive; sum; gerundive of obligation

Question 90

Verbals are formed from ___ that are used as other parts of speech.

Answer 90

verbs

Question 91

The future active participle is a ___ declension adjective.

Answer 91

1st/2nd

Question 92

As verbs, infinitives have ___ and \_\_\_.

Answer 92

tense; voice

Question 93

The future active participle is formed by dropping ___ from the perfect passive participle and adding \_\_\_.

Answer 93

-us; -urus

Question 94

What are the three Latin and English words for *where*?

Answer 94

**ubi** (where?), **quo** (whither), **unde** (whence)