Lesson 20 Grammar Review

Question 1

When used in an indirect statement, an impersonal verb is changed to a/an infinitive and the subject, which had been indicated by the personal ending, is ___.

Answer 1

infinitive; omitted

Question 2

The present participle is a ___ declension adjective of ___ termination.

Answer 2

3rd; one

Question 3

A gerund is a/an ___.

Answer 3

verbal noun

Question 4

An infinitive is a ___.

Answer 4

verbal noun

Question 5

Indirect statements use the ___ in the subordinate clause.

Answer 5

infinitive

Question 6

Indirect statements are ___ clauses, and are introduced by a verb of ___.

Answer 6

subordinate; speaking, thinking, or perceiving

Question 7

The ___ tenses are called secondary tenses. The Latin secondary tenses are ___.

Answer 7

past; imperfect, perfect, pluperfect

Question 8

An indirect statement in Latin is indicated by the ___ construction, which 1) changes the verb to a/an ___, and 2) puts the subject in the ___ case

Answer 8

accusative with infinitive; infinitive; accusative

Question 9

The conjugation of possum is easy to remember: if a form of sum begins with s, prefix ___; if a form of sum begins with e, prefix ___.

Answer 9

pos-; pot-

Question 10

The perfect active infinitive is formed by adding ___ to the ___ stem. The future active infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___. The perfect passive infinitive is a compound of the ___ and ___.

Answer 10

-isse; perfect; future active participle; esse; perfect passive participle; esse

Question 11

Verbals are formed from ___ that are used as other parts of speech.

Answer 11

verbs

Question 12

As a verb, a participle has ___ and ___.

Answer 12

tense; voice

Question 13

One way to group the indicative tenses is by the stem. Another is by ___.

Answer 13

time

Question 14

As verbs, infinitives have ___ and ___.

Answer 14

tense; voice

Question 15

The infinitive is used in the ___ and ___ cases. The gerund is used in the ___, ___, and ___ cases.

Answer 15

nominative; accusative; genitive; dative; ablative

Question 16

The declension of the gerund is identical to the ___ declension.

Answer 16

2nd

Question 17

What other verbal noun have you learned? (besides the gerund)

Answer 17

infinitive

Question 18

___ verbs do not have a personal subject.

Answer 18

Impersonal

Question 19

A participle is a/an ___.

Answer 19

verbal adjective

Question 20

As a noun, an infinitive is ___ in gender, ___ in number, and ___

Answer 20

neuter; singular; indeclinable

Question 21

As an adjective, a participle agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___.

Answer 21

gender, number, and case

Question 22

Like participles, infinitives have tense and voice, and only exist in three tenses: ___.

Answer 22

persent, perfect, and future

Question 23

A/an ___ statement is a statement reported by someone else.

Answer 23

indirect

Question 24

The rule for this coordination is called the ___.

Answer 24

Sequence of Tenses

Question 25

What case is the gerund missing? What gender and number is the gerund?

Answer 25

nominative; neuter, singular

Question 26

The future active participle is formed by dropping ___ from the perfect passive participle and adding \_\_\_.

Answer 26

-us; -urus

Question 27

The present active participle is formed by adding the following endings to the ___ stem: ___ in the 1st/2nd conjugations; ___ in the 3rd, 3rd io, and 4th conjugations.

Answer 27

present; -ns; -ens

Question 28

How many infinitives are there in Latin? How many are active? How many are passive?

Answer 28

6; 3; 3

Question 29

In the sentence “It rains,” the word it is a/an ___ subject without reference to a real person or thing.

Answer 29

grammatical

Question 30

The future active participle is a ___ declension adjective.

Answer 30

1st/2nd

Question 31

As with indirect questions, the translation of the subordinate clause verb (i.e., the indirect statement verb) will depend on whether the main verb is a ___ or ___ tense.

Answer 31

primary; secondary

Question 32

Is the gerund an adjective? In the sentence “I see the boy throwing a javelin,” what part of speech would you use to say throwing?

Answer 32

No; a present active participle

Question 33

The ___ and ___ tenses are called primary tenses. The Latin primary tenses are \_\_\_.

Answer 33

present; future; present, future, future perfect

Question 34

If a sentence has an independent and a subordinate clause, the verbs in the two clauses must coordinate with respect to \_\_\_.

Answer 34

time

Question 35

How may participles are there in Latin? ___ Name them.

Answer 35

3; perfect passive, future active, and present active

Question 36

What case and number of the present participle does not have the usual case ending? What is the usual ending? What ending does the present participle have?

Answer 36

ablative singular; -i; -e

Question 37

The verbs in a sentence with an indirect statement must correspond. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place at the same time as the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place before the main verb. Use the ___ infinitive if the action takes place after the main verb.

Answer 37

present; perfect; future

Question 38

Indirect statements are often introduced by the word \_\_\_, but not always.

Answer 38

that

Question 39

The Latin word for when is \_\_\_. Clauses beginning with when are called ___ in Latin.

Answer 39

cum; cum-clauses

Question 40

To form the gerund, add ___ to the present stem of 1st/2nd conjugation verbs, or ___ to the present stem of 3rd/3rd io/4th conjugation verbs.

Answer 40

-ndi; -endi

Question 41

In indirect questions, the subjunctive is translated using ___ meanings.

Answer 41

subjunctive