Lesson 2 Flashcards

This deck covers the present tense of both regular and irregular verbs. You will also learn about possessive adjectives, how to ask questions, and basic negation.

1
Q

Translate to French:

Hi!

A

Coucou!

hi (informal, friendly) - coucou. Note that coucou is only used with friends and family members.

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2
Q

Translate to French:

Hi honey!

A

Coucou chéri!

honey, sweetie (informal) - chéri. Note that the feminine form would be chérie.

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3
Q

Translate to French:

Kisses!

A

Bisous!

kiss(es) - bisou(s)

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4
Q

Translate to French:

I have too many friends

A

J’ai trop de copains

too much, too many - trop. Note that when trop precedes a noun, de is usually placed between them.

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5
Q

Translate to French:

It’s early

A

Il est tôt

early - tôt

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6
Q

Translate to French:

It’s late

A

Il est tard

late - tard. Note the use of Il est instead of C’est here. The latter would only be appropriate if the following adverb (tard) were modified: C’est trop tard – “It’s too late.”

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7
Q

Translate to French:

earlier

A

plus tôt

earlier - plus tôt. Note that this literally means “more early.”

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8
Q

Translate to French:

later

A

plus tard

later - plus tard. Note that this literally means “more late.”

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9
Q

Translate to French:

See you later!

A

À plus tard!

see you later - à plus tard

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10
Q

Translate to French:

I’m arriving/coming soon

A

J’arrive bientôt

soon - bientôt

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11
Q

Translate to French:

See you soon!

A

À bientôt!

see you soon - à bientôt

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12
Q

Translate to French:

good

A

bon, bien

good (adj.) - bon, bien. Note that bon is typically used as an adjective, while bien can also be used as an adverb – “well.”

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13
Q

Translate to French:

a good week

A

une bonne semaine

a week - une semaine

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14
Q

Translate to French:

Have a good weekend!

A

Bon week-end!

a weekend - un week-end. An alternative is the feminine term fin de semaine, which literally translates to “end of the week.”

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15
Q

Translate to French:

I am hungry

A

J’ai faim

to be hungry - avoir faim. The above sentence translates literally to “I have hunger.”

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16
Q

Translate to French:

She is perfect

A

Elle est parfaite

perfect - parfait

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17
Q

Translate to French:

The house is great

A

La maison est géniale

great, fantastic - génial. Note that génial also translates to “brilliant” or “of genius.”

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18
Q

Translate to French:

A large pizza, please

A

Une grande pizza, s’il vous plaît

a pizza - une pizza

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19
Q

Translate to French:

I have (some) ice cream

A

J’ai de la glace

ice cream - la glace. In French, a distinction must be made between ice cream in general (de la glace) and a single portion of ice cream (une glace).

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20
Q

Translate to French:

He is always happy

A

Il est toujours heureux

always - toujours. In French, most adverbs follow the verbs they modify. Also note that for the most part, French adverbs are invariable.

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21
Q

What are the three types of infinitive verb endings in French?

A
  • -ER, as in parler (to speak)
  • -IR, as in finir (to finish)
  • all other endings including -RE and -OIR, as in entendre (to hear) or voir (to see)
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22
Q

What are the present tense conjugation endings of 1st group (-ER) verbs?

A

-e -es -e -ons -ez -ent

For example, for parler, which means “to speak”: je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent.

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23
Q

Translate to French:

You walk

A

Tu marches

to walk - marcher. In the second-person singular of the present tense, verbs with infinitives ending in -ER adopt the ending -es.

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24
Q

Translate to French:

We talk

A

Nous parlons

to speak, to talk - parler. In the first-person plural of the present tense, verbs with infinitives ending in -ER adopt the ending -ons.

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25
# Translate to French: You talk _a lot_
Tu parles _beaucoup_ ## Footnote a lot - *beaucoup*. Most adverbs immediately follow conjugated verbs. *Beaucoup* can also function as an adjective when followed by *de*: *beaucoup de pizza* -- "many pizzas/a lot of pizza."
26
# Translate to French: They have a lot of _candy_
Ils ont beaucoup de _bonbons_ ## Footnote (a piece of) candy - *un bonbon*. The plural form of this masculine noun is used to designate "some candy" or "sweets," while its singular form *un bonbon* is used to denote a single piece of candy.
27
# Translate to French: The girls _dance_
Les filles _dansent_ ## Footnote to dance - *danser*. In the third-person plural of the present tense, verbs with infinitives ending in -ER adopt the ending *-ent*.
28
# Translate to French: She _sings_ well
Elle _chante_ bien ## Footnote to sing - *chanter*. In the third-person singular of the present tense, verbs with infinitives ending in -ER adopt the ending *-e*.
29
# Translate to French: I _work_ a lot
Je _travaille_ beaucoup ## Footnote to work - *travailler*. In the first-person singular of the present tense, verbs with infinitives ending in -ER adopt the ending *-e*.
30
# Translate to French: You _eat_ a lot
Tu _manges_ beaucoup ## Footnote to eat - *manger*
31
# Translate to French: I sing _badly_
Je chante _mal_ ## Footnote badly - *mal*. Recall that when an adverb modifies a conjugated verb, it immediately follows the verb.
32
# Translate to French: I _love_ pizza
J'_adore_ la pizza ## Footnote to love (something) - *adorer*. There are two ways to say "to love" in French: *adorer* and *aimer*. *Adorer* is used to describe fondness for an object, activity, event, celebrity, or friend (but not for a romantic lover).
33
# Translate to French: You (plural) _hate_ sweets
Vous _détestez_ les bonbons ## Footnote to hate - *détester*. In the second-person plural of the present tense, verbs with infinitives ending in -ER adopt the ending *-ez*.
34
Conjugate the verb *arriver* in the present tense.
* j'arrive * tu arrives * il/elle/on arrive * nous arrivons * vous arrivez * ils/elles arrivent ## Footnote This is a regular -ER verb.
35
# Translate to French: I love _my_ house
J'adore _ma_ maison ## Footnote my (singular) - *mon/ma*. These are the possessive adjectives for *je* when referring to singular nouns. Possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun: they agree with what is possessed, not with the possessor.
36
# Translate to French: _My_ friends are rich
_Mes_ copains sont riches ## Footnote my (plural) - *mes*. This is the possessive adjective for *je* when referring to plural nouns, regardless of gender. Note how it agrees in number with the noun.
37
# Translate to French: I love my _life_
J'adore ma _vie_ ## Footnote life - *la vie*
38
# Translate to French: (to a close friend) _Your_ friend is hungry
_Ton_ ami a faim ## Footnote your (singular) - *ton/ta*. *Ton* and *ta* are the possessive adjectives for *tu* when referring to singular nouns.
39
# Translate to French: _Your_ (female) students are brilliant
_Tes_ étudiantes sont brillantes ## Footnote your (plural) - *tes*. This is the possessive adjective for *tu* when referring to plural nouns, regardless of gender.
40
# Translate to French: I have _his_ table
J'ai _sa_ table ## Footnote his/her (singular) - *son/sa*. These are the possessive adjectives for *il/elle/on* when referring to singular nouns.
41
# Translate to French: We have _her_ candy
Nous avons _ses_ bonbons ## Footnote his/her (plural) - *ses*. This is the possessive adjective for *il/elle/on* when referring to plural nouns.
42
# Translate to French: I _like_ candy
J'_aime_ les bonbons ## Footnote to like - *aimer*. This verb means "to like" when applied to things. When applied to people, it means "to love (romantically)."
43
# Translate to French: He _loves_ his girlfriend
Il _aime_ sa petite amie ## Footnote to love (someone) - *aimer*. Recall that generally, when dealing with objects instead of people, *aimer* means "to like."
44
# Translate to French: She is _in love with_ Paul
Elle est _amoureuse de_ Paul ## Footnote in love (with) - *amoureux (de)*. *Amoureux* can be used without the preposition *de* to mean "romantic."
45
# Translate to French: We always _win_
Nous _gagnons_ toujours ## Footnote to win - *gagner*. Note that *gagner de l'argent* means "to earn money."
46
# Translate to French: I like _our_ house
J'aime _notre_ maison ## Footnote our - *notre/nos*. *Notre* is the possessive adjective for *nous* when referring to a singular noun, regardless of gender. *Nos* is the possessive adjective for *nous* when referring to a plural noun.
47
# Translate to French: He likes _music_
Il aime la _musique_ ## Footnote music - *la musique*
48
# Translate to French: You (informal) _play_ piano
Tu _joues_ du piano ## Footnote to play - *jouer*. Note that *piano* is a masculine noun. Also note that *jouer de* refers to playing a musical instrument, whereas *jouer à* refers to playing a game or a sport.
49
# Translate to French: Marcel plays _guitar_
Marcel joue de la _guitare_ ## Footnote a guitar - *une guitare*
50
# Translate to French: We play basketball _too_
Nous jouons au basket _aussi_ ## Footnote also, as well, too - *aussi*. The word for "basketball" is *le basket-ball*, often shortened to *le basket*. Note how *à le* is contracted to *au*.
51
# Translate to French: You guys like _your_ house, no?
Vous aimez _votre_ maison, non? ## Footnote your (plural/formal) - *votre/vos*. These are the possessive adjectives for *vous*.
52
# Translate to French: The girls love _their_ boyfriends
Les filles aiment _leurs_ petits amis ## Footnote their - *leur/leurs*. These are the possessive adjectives for *ils/elles*.
53
# Translate to French: They _listen_ to pop music
Ils _écoutent_ de la musique pop ## Footnote to listen - *écouter*
54
# Translate to French: _My_ (female) friend talks a lot
_Mon_ amie parle beaucoup ## Footnote Note that *ma* changes to *mon* when the (feminine) noun begins with a vowel sound. The same applies to *ta* and *sa*: they change to *ton* and *son*, respectively.
55
# Translate to French: She has a small _car_
Elle a une petite _voiture_ ## Footnote a car - *une voiture*
56
# Translate to French: They have our _keys_
Ils ont nos _clés_ ## Footnote a key - *une clé/clef*. Both spellings are pronounced the same way and are entirely interchangeable.
57
# Translate to French: The car _works_ very well
La voiture _marche_ très bien ## Footnote to function, to work - *marcher*. Note this second meaning of the verb *marcher*, in addition to the meaning "to walk."
58
# Translate to French: I really like her _convertible_
J'aime beaucoup son _cabriolet_ ## Footnote a convertible - *un cabriolet*. The French here translates more directly to "I like her convertible a lot."
59
# Translate to French: They are _in_ the car
Ils sont _dans_ la voiture ## Footnote in - *dans*. The preposition *dans* can also mean "within" or "into."
60
# Translate to French: I _think_ a lot
Je _pense_ beaucoup ## Footnote to think - *penser*. This verb is conjugated in the present as follows: *je pense, tu penses, il/elle/on pense, nous pensons, vous pensez, ils/elles pensent*.
61
# Translate to French: I _think about_ Marie
Je _pense à_ Marie ## Footnote to think about (someone, something) - *penser à*. In this case "about" is translated with the preposition *à*. Very common in French, *à* can have various meanings -- including "to" and "toward" -- depending on context.
62
# Translate to French: I have a good _book_
J'ai un bon _livre_ ## Footnote a book - *un livre*
63
# Translate to French: She is a _teacher_
C'est une _enseignante_ ## Footnote a teacher - *un enseignant*. Note that it is common to use *c'est* rather than *il/elle est*, even for a person. *C'est* must be followed by an indefinite article (*un/une*), while *il/elle est* should NOT: *Elle est enseignante*.
64
# Translate to French: She is a (primary school) _teacher_
C'est une _institutrice_ ## Footnote a teacher (primary school) - *un(e) instituteur/-trice*. Note that when addressing primary (and sometimes middle) school teachers, students usually use the noun *maître/-esse*.
65
# Translate to French: a (middle/high school) _teacher_, a _professor_
un _professeur_ ## Footnote a (middle/high school) teacher, a professor - *un professeur*. In written form, *professeur* is always a masculine noun. When spoken, especially with the colloquial abbreviation *prof*, you can use the feminine form -- *une prof*.
66
# Translate to French: It's an American _school_
C'est une _école_ américaine ## Footnote school - *l'école*
67
# Translate to French: The _middle school_ is big
Le _collège_ est grand ## Footnote middle school - *le collège*. Note that the French word for "college" or "university" is the feminine *université*.
68
# Translate to French: a good _high school_
un bon _lycée_ ## Footnote high school - *le lycée*. Note that although most nouns ending in an "e" are feminine, *lycée* is masculine.
69
# Translate to French: I _study_ mathematics
J'_étudie_ les mathématiques ## Footnote to study - *étudier*. After *étudier*, you should always use an article before the noun. Note also that *mathématiques* is a special noun that can only be plural.
70
# Translate to French: She _is studying_ with a friend
Elle _révise_ avec un ami ## Footnote to study, to review, to revise - *réviser*. Note that this verb is different from *étudier*, which means to study a subject regularly or in general. *Réviser* pertains instead to studying for something specific like an exam or a quiz.
71
# Translate to French: She _enters_ the house
Elle _entre_ dans la maison ## Footnote enter - *entrer*
72
# Translate to French: I am studying _at home_
J'étudie _à la maison_ ## Footnote at home - *à la maison*. This literally translates to "at the house."
73
# Translate to French: They _are coming (back)_ home
Ils _rentrent_ à la maison ## Footnote to come home, to come back - *rentrer*. To express "to come (back) to" you use *rentrer à*, while to express "to come (back) from" you would use *rentrer de*.
74
# Translate to French: We're _finally_ home
Nous sommes _enfin_ à la maison ## Footnote finally - *enfin*
75
# Translate to French: The boys are _interesting_
Les garçons sont _intéressants_ ## Footnote interesting - *intéressant*
76
# Translate to French: _Is he_ a professor?
_Est-il_ professeur? ## Footnote Note that things are often inversed in questions, such that the pronoun comes after the verb, joined by a dash. Another example: "Do you have my book?" translates as *As-tu mon livre?*
77
# Translate to French: Are you guys _classmates_?
Êtes-vous _camarades de classe_? ## Footnote a classmate - *un(e) camarade (de classe)*
78
# Translate to French: We have _homework_
Nous avons des _devoirs_ ## Footnote homework - *les devoirs*. Used here as a plural masculine noun, *devoir* is also a verb, meaning "to owe" or "to have to."
79
# Translate to French: You speak very _quickly_
Tu parles très _vite_ ## Footnote quickly - *vite*. Note that when an adverb (in this case, *très*) modifies another adverb (*vite*), it precedes that adverb.
80
# Translate to French: I am _often_ sad
Je suis _souvent_ triste ## Footnote often - *souvent*. Note that when adverbs modify adjectives, they usually precede the adjectives.
81
# Translate to French: We're coming home _by_ car
Nous rentrons (à la maison) _en_ voiture ## Footnote to go home by (means of transportation) - *rentrer en*. The preposition *en* can be used to introduce most modes of transportation. Note that *en* can also mean "in" or "inside."
82
# Translate to French: You (singular) _live_ a good life
Tu _vis_ une bonne vie ## Footnote to live - *vivre*. This is an irregular verb: *je vis, tu vis, il/elle/on vit, nous vivons, vous vivez, ils/elles vivent*.
83
# Translate to French: I _live_ in France
_J'habite_ en France ## Footnote to live, to reside - *habiter*. Note that *habiter* is a regular -ER verb. Also note that it is different from *vivre* in that it is used to speak about one's place of residence.
84
# Translate to French: We're coming home by _train_
Nous rentrons (à la maison) en _train_ ## Footnote a train - *un train*
85
What are the present tense conjugation endings of 2nd group (-IR) verbs?
-is -is -it -issons -issez -issent ## Footnote For example, for *finir*, which means "to finish": *je finis, tu finis, il/elle/on finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils/elles finissent*.
86
# Translate to French: I _choose_ to work
Je _choisis_ de travailler ## Footnote to choose - *choisir*. Note that you translate "to choose to" with *choisir de*. In the first-person singular of the present tense, regular -IR verbs take the ending *-is*.
87
# Translate to French: You _react_ badly
Tu _réagis_ mal ## Footnote to react - *réagir*. In the second-person singular of the present tense, regular -IR verbs take the ending *-is*.
88
# Translate to French: Is the train _long_?
Le train est-il _long_? ## Footnote long - *long*. Note that the feminine form is *longue*.
89
# Translate to French: Does she _concentrate_ well?
_Réfléchit_-elle bien? ## Footnote to reflect, to ponder, to concentrate - *réfléchir*. In the third-person singular of the present tense, regular -IR verbs take the ending *-it*.
90
# Translate to French: We are _growing old_
Nous _vieillissons_ ## Footnote to age, to grow old - *vieillir*. In the first-person plural of the present tense, regular -IR verbs take the ending *-issons*.
91
# Translate to French: You guys _grow up_ fast
Vous _grandissez_ vite ## Footnote to grow (up), to expand - *grandir*. In the second-person plural of the present tense, regular -IR verbs take the ending *-issez*.
92
# Translate to French: They always _succeed_
Ils _réussissent_ toujours ## Footnote to succeed - *réussir*. In the third-person plural of the present tense, regular -IR verbs take the ending *-issent*.
93
# Translate to French: I _finish_ my work
Je _finis_ mon travail ## Footnote to finish - *finir*. Note that *travail* is a masculine noun.
94
# Translate to French: Is the book _on_ the table?
Le livre est-il _sur_ la table? ## Footnote on - *sur*. This preposition usually means "on," but it can also take other meanings, depending on context. For instance, *deux fois sur quatre* means "two times out of four." No matter what, note that *sur* should be followed by a noun.
95
# Translate to French: The teacher _punishes_ the students
Le professeur _punit_ les étudiants ## Footnote to punish - *punir*
96
# Translate to French: I _am counting on_ Marie!
Je _compte sur_ Marie! ## Footnote to count on - *compter sur*
97
# Translate to French: Our homework is _easy_
Nos devoirs sont _faciles_ ## Footnote easy - *facile*
98
# Translate to French: French is _difficult_
Le français est _difficile_ ## Footnote difficult, hard - *difficile*
99
# Translate to French: She finishes her homework _easily_
Elle finit ses devoirs _facilement_ ## Footnote easily - *facilement*. Note that many adverbs are formed by adding the suffix *-ment* to adjectives (in this case, *facile*, or "easy").
100
# Translate to French: You (plural) _slim down_ easily
Vous _maigrissez_ facilement ## Footnote to slim down, to lose weight - *maigrir*
101
# Translate to French: He often _puts on weight_
Il _grossit_ souvent ## Footnote to gain/put on weight - *grossir*
102
What are the most common present tense conjugation endings for 3rd group (-RE and -OIR) verbs?
-s -s -t/-d -ons -ez -ent ## Footnote For *comprendre*, which means "to understand": *je comprends, tu comprends, il/elle/on comprend, nous comprenons, vous comprenez, ils/elles comprennent*.
103
Conjugate the verb *entendre*, "to hear," in the present tense.
* j'entends * tu entends * il/elle/on entend * nous entendons * vous entendez * ils/elles entendent ## Footnote Verbs with the same infinitive ending, like *prendre* (to take), *apprendre* (to learn), and *comprendre* (to understand), share the same conjugation endings in the present.
104
# Translate to French: She _doesn't_ speak
Elle _ne_ parle _pas_ ## Footnote not - *ne... pas*. To make a sentence or question negative as you would with the word "not" in English, first place *ne* after the subject and before the verb. Then put the negative adverb *pas* after the conjugated verb. If the verb starts with a vowel, *ne* becomes *n'*.
105
# Translate to French: He _never_ eats
Il _ne_ mange _jamais_ ## Footnote never - *ne... jamais*. Note how negation is formed here by simply replacing *pas* with *jamais*. Note also that you can use *jamais* on its own, usually as the answer to a question, meaning "never."
106
# Translate to French: You guys _don't_ work _anymore_
Vous _ne_ travaillez _plus_ ## Footnote no more, not anymore, no longer - *ne... plus*
107
# Translate to French: I do _not_ hear _anything_/ I hear _nothing_
Je _n'_ entends _rien_ ## Footnote not anything, nothing - *ne... rien*. In a positive sentence such as "Anything will work," there is a different French word for "anything": *n'importe quoi*.
108
# Translate to French: They eat soup. They do not eat soup. They no longer eat soup. They never eat soup
Ils mangent _de la_ soupe. Ils ne mangent pas _de_ soupe. Ils ne mangent plus _de_ soupe. Ils ne mangent jamais _de_ soupe ## Footnote Notice how in a negative construction, the partitive article changes to *de*. This change happens for the articles *un, une, du, de la, de l', des*.
109
# Translate to French: He is a _bad_ friend
C'est un _mauvais_ ami ## Footnote bad - *mauvais*. Note the use of *c'est* to introduce the modified noun. When deciding between *c'est* and *il est* before a noun, remember to use *c'est* for modified nouns and *il est* for unmodified nouns.
110
# Translate to French: We _are taking_ a train
Nous _prenons_ un train ## Footnote to take - *prendre*. This is a very common verb. Its conjugations in the present are: *je prends, tu prends, il/elle/on prend, nous prenons, vous prenez, ils/elles prennent*.
111
# Translate to French: He is taking the _plane_
Il prend _l'avion_ ## Footnote an airplane - *un avion*
112
# Translate to French: They are taking the _boat_
Ils prennent le _bateau_ ## Footnote a boat - *un bateau*
113
# Translate to French: It's a _strange_ boat
C'est un bateau _bizarre_ ## Footnote weird, strange - *bizarre, étrange*
114
# Translate to French: They _learn_ to play piano
Ils _apprennent_ à jouer du piano ## Footnote to learn - *apprendre*. This verb is conjugated in the present tense as follows: *j'apprends, tu apprends, il/elle/on apprend, nous apprenons, vous apprenez, ils/elles apprennent*.
115
# Translate to French: You guys _hear_ well
Vous _entendez_ bien ## Footnote to hear - *entendre*. This verb is conjugated in similar fashion to the verbs *prendre* and *apprendre*.
116
# Translate to French: You hear _everything_
Tu entends _tout_ ## Footnote everything - *tout*. Note that *tout* is a common word that can take several different meanings, including "every," "each," and "all." It is invariable here because it functions as a noun and not an adjective.
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# Translate to French: Do they _understand_ everything?
_Comprennent_-ils tout? ## Footnote to understand - *comprendre*
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# Translate to French: We _lose_ money
Nous _perdons_ de l'argent ## Footnote to lose - *perdre*. This verb is conjugated in the present tense as follows: *je perds, tu perds, il/elle/on perd, nous perdons, vous perdez, ils/elles perdent*.
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# Translate to French: We _sleep_ a lot
Nous _dormons_ beaucoup ## Footnote to sleep - *dormir*. Note that *dormir* is not a regular -IR verb. In the present tense, it is conjugated like so: *je dors, tu dors, il/elle/on dort, nous dormons, vous dormez, ils/elles dorment*.
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# Translate to French: You guys always _lie_
Vous _mentez_ toujours ## Footnote to lie - *mentir*. Note that *mentir* is not a regular -IR verb: *je mens, tu mens, il/elle/on ment, nous mentons, vous mentez, ils/elles mentent*.
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# Translate to French: They _feel_ bad
Ils _se sentent_ mal ## Footnote to feel - *(se) sentir, ressentir*. These are not regular -IR verbs. Note also that *sentir* is often used in the reflexive form. We will learn about reflexive verbs elsewhere.
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# Translate to French: She _dies_ in the movie
Elle _meurt_ dans le film ## Footnote to die - *mourir*. Note that *mourir* is not a regular -IR verb. Also note that *film*, "movie," is masculine.
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# Translate to French: He _writes_ good books
Il _écrit_ des bons livres ## Footnote to write - *écrire*. This verb is conjugated in the present as follows: *j'écris, tu écris, il/elle/on écrit, nous écrivons, vous écrivez, ils/elles écrivent*.
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# Translate to French: I _receive_ a lot of letters
Je _reçois_ beaucoup de lettres ## Footnote to receive - *recevoir*. Note that after adverbs of quantity like *beaucoup*, *de* is used instead of the partitive article (*des*).
125
# Translate to French: Do you (plural) _believe_ in Julie?
_Croyez_-vous en Julie? ## Footnote to believe - *croire*. In the present tense, this verb is conjugated as follows: *je crois, tu crois, il/elle/on croit, nous croyons, vous croyez, ils/elles croient*.
126
Conjugate the verb *vouloir*, "to want," in the present tense.
* je veux * tu veux * il/elle/on veut * nous voulons * vous voulez * ils/elles veulent
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# Translate to French: They _want_ a child
Ils _veulent_ un enfant ## Footnote to want - *vouloir*. Remember that *vouloir* is an irregular verb.
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# Translate to French: He _can_ play the piano
Il _peut_ jouer du piano ## Footnote to be able to - *pouvoir*. Note that *pouvoir* is an irregular verb: *je peux, tu peux, il/elle/on peut, nous pouvons, vous pouvez, ils/elles peuvent*.
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# Translate to French: We can _cook_ easily
Nous pouvons _cuisiner_ facilement ## Footnote to cook - *cuisiner*
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# Translate to French: I am _doing_ my homework
Je _fais_ mes devoirs ## Footnote to do, to make - *faire*. Note that *faire* is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular and used in several expressions.
131
Conjugate the verb *faire*, "to do," in the present tense.
* je fais * tu fais * il/elle/on fait * nous faisons * vous faites * ils/elles font
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# Translate to French: He is _making dinner_
Il _fait à manger_ ## Footnote to make a meal - *(se) faire à manger*. Note that this literally means "to make to eat." The reflexive form, *se faire à manger*, means "to make oneself a meal."
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# Translate to French: It's a good _breakfast_
C'est un bon _petit déjeuner_ ## Footnote breakfast - *le petit déjeuner*
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# Translate to French: We do not want a bad _lunch_
Nous ne voulons pas un mauvais _déjeuner_ ## Footnote lunch - *le déjeuner*. Note that *déjeuner* is also a regular -ER verb meaning "to eat lunch."
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# Translate to French: He wants a big _dinner_
Il veut un grand _dîner_ ## Footnote dinner - *le dîner*. Note that *dîner* is also a verb meaning "to have dinner."
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# Translate to French: I want to eat a _snack_
Je veux manger un _encas_ ## Footnote a snack - *un encas*. This noun does not change in the plural since it already ends with an "s." As an alternative, you could use the noun *un goûter*. Finally, note the construction *vouloir* + infinitive.
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# Translate to French: I _am right_
J'_ai raison_ ## Footnote to be right - *avoir raison*. This literally translates as "to have reason."
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# Translate to French: You _are wrong_
Tu _as tort_ ## Footnote to be wrong - *avoir tort*
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# Translate to French: He makes a _decision_
Il prend une _décision_ ## Footnote a decision - *une décision*. Note that "to make a decision" is *prendre une décision*, not *faire une décision*.
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# Translate to French: He _asks_ Paul to make a meal
Il _demande_ à Paul de faire à manger ## Footnote to ask - *demander*. This verb is often followed by the preposition *à*. The construction *demander à* + person + *de* + infinitive is common, and means "to ask someone to do something."
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Conjugate the verb *demander* in the present tense.
* je demande * tu demandes * il/elle/on demande * nous demandons * vous demandez * ils/elles demandent
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# Translate to French: I understand the _question_
Je comprends la _question_ ## Footnote a question - *une question*. Note that the verb "to question" also exists in French -- *questionner*.
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# Translate to French: She _asks_ Marie _a question_
Elle _pose une question_ à Marie ## Footnote to ask a question - *poser une question*. Note that "to ask questions" is *poser des questions*.
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# Translate to French: I _go_ to work by car
Je _vais_ au travail en voiture ## Footnote to go - *aller*. Note that *aller* is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular. Also note how *à le* must be changed to *au*.
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Conjugate the verb *aller*, "to go," in the present tense.
* je vais * tu vas * il/elle/on va * nous allons * vous allez * ils/elles vont
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Give examples of 3rd group/irregular verbs (i.e. verbs not from the regular -ER and -IR groups).
*entendre*, *comprendre*, *voir*, *boire*, *pouvoir* ## Footnote The 3rd group of French verbs comprises non-ER and non-IR verbs, as well as irregular -ER and -IR verbs. Recall that there are many irregular verbs in French, most of them among the most commonly used verbs.
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# Translate to French: She _is thinking about going_ to school
Elle _pense aller_ à l'école ## Footnote The construction *penser* + infinitive means "to consider/think about doing something."
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# Translate to French: She thinks _that_ you are right
Elle pense _que_ tu as raison ## Footnote that (conjunction) - *que*. *Que* is an important word that has several uses. Used as a conjunction, as above, it means "that."
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# Translate to French: _What_ are you doing?
_Qu'est-ce_ tu fais? ## Footnote what (in a question) - *qu'est-ce que*. Note that here *que* has been contracted to *qu'*.
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# Translate to French: _What_ is he doing?
_Que_ fait-il? ## Footnote what (in a question with inversion) - *que*. Note that the common structure here is: interrogative word + verb + pronoun. When "what" is the subject of the question and placed before the verb, you can begin the sentence with *Que* and then invert the verb and subject.
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# Translate to French: (informal) You're doing _what_?
Tu fais _quoi_? ## Footnote what (direct object in a question) - *quoi*. This is an informal construction frequently used instead of its more formal equivalent: *Que fais-tu?*
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# Translate to French: I understand _what_ she is doing
Je comprends *ce qu'*elle fait ## Footnote what (as the direct object in a sentence) - *ce que*. Note how *ce que* becomes *ce qu'* when followed by a vowel sound.
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# Translate to French: You sing, _which_ is funny
Tu chantes, _ce qui_ est drôle ## Footnote which (as a pronoun) - *ce qui*
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# Translate to French: _Which_ middle school?
_Quel_ collège? ## Footnote which/what - *quel*. When "what" precedes a noun, the correct translation is always *quel*. If the noun is feminine, use *quelle*.
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# Translate to French: _Who_ am I?
_Qui_ suis-je? ## Footnote who - *qui*. Note that the common interrogative form is: interrogative word + verb-pronoun.
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# Translate to French: _When_ can she go?
_Quand_ peut-elle aller? ## Footnote when - *quand*
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# Translate to French: _Why_ do you study?
_Pourquoi_ étudies-tu? ## Footnote why - *pourquoi*
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# Translate to French: I am eating _because_ I am hungry
Je mange _parce que_ j'ai faim ## Footnote because - *parce que*
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# Translate to French: _Where_ is my book?
_Où_ est mon livre? ## Footnote where - *où*. Note that the verb remains conjugated in the third-person singular form to match the direct object, "book."
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# Translate to French: _How_ are you?
_Comment_ vas-tu? ## Footnote how - *comment*. *Comment vas-tu?* literally translates as "How are you going?" instead of the English phrasing "How are you?" Alternatively, you can say *Comment ça va?*
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# Translate to French: _How much_ money do you have?
_Combien_ d'argent as-tu? ## Footnote how much, how many - *combien*. Note that there is no difference in French between the questions "How much?" and "How many?"
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# Translate to French: _What is a_ convertible?
_Qu'est-ce qu'un_ cabriolet? ## Footnote What is a... - *Qu'est-ce qu'un/une...*
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# Translate to French: What does "snack" mean?
Que veut dire "encas"? ## Footnote What does \_\_\_ mean? - *Que veut dire \_\_\_?*
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# Translate to French: What do you _think about_ the dinner?
Que _penses-tu du_ dîner? ## Footnote to have an opinion about, to think about - *penser de*. Recall that *penser à* means "to think about (someone, something)." *Penser de*, on the other hand, means "to have an opinion about" someone or something.
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# Translate to French: Why is the dinner _so_ important?
Pourquoi le dîner est-il _tellement_ important? ## Footnote so, so much - *tellement*. This adverb can also mean "to such a degree" or "in such a manner." An alternative is *si*: *Pourquoi le dîner est-il si important?*
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# Translate to French: _Here is_ a good example
_Voici_ un bon exemple ## Footnote here is, this is - *voici*. *Exemple* is a masculine noun. Note that you would still use *Voici* even if the sentence began "Here are..."
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# Translate to French: _There is_ my car
_Voilà_ ma voiture ## Footnote here is, there is - *voilà*. Note how in this case *voilà* functions as a presentative.
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# Translate to French: _That is why_ I can't cook
_Voilà pourquoi_ je ne peux pas cuisiner ## Footnote that is why - *voilà*. This word is difficult to translate directly into English, as it has many different uses.
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# Translate to French: _The whole_ house is beautiful
_Toute la_ maison est belle ## Footnote the whole, all of, every - *tout* + definite article. Note the feminine form of *tout*, *toute*. Here you are essentially saying "All of the house is beautiful." The plural *toutes les maisons* would mean "all of the houses" or "every house."
170
# Translate to French: _All of the_ trains are long
_Tous les_ trains sont longs ## Footnote the whole, all of, every (plural) - *tous* + definite article. Note that the feminine form of *tous* is *toutes*.
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# Translate to French: He is eating _each_ snack
Il mange _chaque_ encas ## Footnote each, every - *chaque*. The indefinite adjective *chaque* always takes a singular noun and/or the third-person singular verb form: *Chaque train est long*.
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# Translate to French: All right (then)!
D'accord! ## Footnote all right - *d'accord*. Note that *d'accord* is only used as an affirmation (to agree with someone), never as a description (to say something is "all right"). "To agree" or "to be in agreement" is expressed with the construction *être d'accord*.
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# Translate to French: They are perfect _together_
Ils sont parfaits _ensemble_ ## Footnote together - *ensemble*. Note that *ensemble* is an invariable adverb.
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# Translate to French: I study _for_ school
J'étudie _pour_ l'école ## Footnote for - *pour*. Note that *pour* can also be used to mean "to" or "in order to."
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# Translate to French: I eat _in order to_ live
Je mange _afin de_ vivre ## Footnote in order to, so (as to) - *afin de*. This expression is usually followed by an infinitive. As an alternative, you could use *pour*.
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# Translate to French: We're together; I'm _glad_
Nous sommes ensemble; je suis _content_ ## Footnote pleased, glad - *content*. Note that *content* usually refers to a momentary state (often due to a specific reason) instead of a general state of happiness.
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# Translate to French: _Anyway_, we're coming home
_D'ailleurs_, on rentre à la maison ## Footnote anyway, incidentally - *d'ailleurs*
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# Translate to French: Do you have _another_ boat?
As-tu un _autre_ bateau? ## Footnote other, another, different - *autre*. The plural form is *d'autres*: *d'autres enfants* means "other kids." *Autre* can also be used as a noun: *les autres* means "the others."
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# Translate to French: The two boys are very _different_
Les deux garçons sont très _différents_ ## Footnote different - *différent*
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# Translate to French: He wants a _different_ house
Il veut une _autre_ maison ## Footnote other, another, different - *autre*. Note how in this case *autre* is used, not *différent*. Here you are essentially saying "He wants another house." Meanwhile, "The house is different" would be translated as *La maison est différente*.
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Most fundamentally, the prepositions *dans* and *en* both mean "in." However, they are used differently and are not interchangeable. Describe some basic differences in usage.
*Dans* expresses an amount of time before something will happen: *Nous mangeons dans deux minutes* -- "We're eating in two minutes." It also means "in" when used with an article and a noun: *dans la maison* -- "in the house." *En* indicates how long something takes: *Je peux faire mes devoirs en trois minutes* -- "I can do my homework in three minutes." It also means "in" when used with a noun without an article: *en classe* -- "in class/school."