Lesson 17 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

What is the subjunctive mood?

Answer

A

The subjunctive mood is used for actions that are subjective or uncertain. These actions are dependent on opinions, conditions, or subjective ideas. The subjunctive mood is usually found in dependent clauses that begin with que.

Question 2

Q

How do you conjugate the present subjunctive?

Answer

A

To conjugate regular verbs in the present subjunctive, take the third-person plural form of the present tense, then drop the -ent ending. From there, add the subjunctive endings: -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent.

Question 3

Q

Conjugate jouer in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je joue
que tu joues
qu’il/elle/on joue
que nous jouions
que vous jouiez
qu’ils/elles jouent

This is a regular -ER verb conjugation. Recall that the subjunctive is often preceded by que.

Question 4

Q

Conjugate finir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je finisse
que tu finisses
qu’il/elle/on finisse
que nous finissions
que vous finissiez
qu’ils/elles finissent

This is a regular -IR verb conjugation, taking its stem (finiss-) from the ils/elles form of the present (finissent).

Question 5

Q

Conjugate attendre in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que j’attende
que tu attendes
qu’il/elle/on attende
que nous attendions
que vous attendiez
qu’ils/elles attendent

This is a regular -RE conjugation.

Question 6

Q

Conjugate dire in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je dise
que tu dises
qu’il/elle/on dise
que nous disions
que vous disiez
qu’ils/elles disent

Question 7

Q

Conjugate partir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je parte
que tu partes
qu’il/elle/on parte
que nous partions
que vous partiez
qu’ils/elles partent

Note that while partir is irregular in the present indicative, it is regular in the present subjunctive.

Question 8

Q

Translate to French:

You have to finish

Answer

A

Il faut que tu finisses

Recall that the impersonal verb falloir, “to have to” or “to be necessary,” can be used with an infinitive. When it is used with que, the resulting expression il faut que means “it is necessary that.” This expression is very common and requires the subjunctive.

Question 9

Q

Translate to French:

They have to leave in 10 minutes

Answer

A

Il faut qu’ils partent dans 10 minutes

The more literal translation here would be “It is necessary that they leave in 10 minutes.” Of course, another way of saying this (without the subjunctive) is Ils doivent partir dans 10 minutes.

Question 10

Q

Translate to French:

Why do you want me to leave?

Answer

A

Pourquoi veux-tu que je parte?

The subjunctive is used following verbs or expressions that denote desires, wishes, or preferences.

Question 11

Q

Conjugate voir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je voie
que tu voies
qu’il/elle/on voie
que nous voyions
que vous voyiez
qu’ils/elles voient

Whenever there is an irregularity in the subjunctive conjugation of a verb, it often applies only to the nous and vous forms. Here, for those two forms, the stem changes to include a “y.” The other four conjugations are regular.

Question 12

Q

Conjugate prendre in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je prenne
que tu prennes
qu’il/elle/on prenne
que nous prenions
que vous preniez
qu’ils/elles prennent

Prendre is irregular in the subjunctive for its nous and vous forms, whose stems (pren-) come from the nous form of the present tense (prenons). The other four subjunctive conjugations are regular.

Question 13

Q

Conjugate venir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je vienne
que tu viennes
qu’il/elle/on vienne
que nous venions
que vous veniez
qu’ils/elles viennent

Venir is irregular in the subjunctive for its nous and vous forms. Their stems are taken from the nous form of the present.

Question 14

Q

Conjugate pleuvoir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

qu’il pleuve

Pleuvoir is an impersonal verb, so it has only one (irregular) conjugation in the subjunctive.

Question 15

Q

Conjugate aller in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que j’aille
que tu ailles
qu’il/elle/on aille
que nous allions
que vous alliez
qu’ils/elles aillent

Aller is an irregular verb in the subjunctive. Note the different stem used for the nous and vous forms.

Question 16

Q

Conjugate faire in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je fasse
que tu fasses
qu’il/elle fasse
que nous fassions
que vous fassiez
qu’ils/elles fassent

Faire is an irregular verb in the subjunctive.

Question 17

Q

Conjugate savoir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je sache
que tu saches
qu’il/elle/on sache
que nous sachions
que vous sachiez
qu’ils/elles sachent

Savoir is an irregular verb in the subjunctive.

Question 18

Q

Conjugate pouvoir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je puisse
que tu puisses
qu’il/elle/on puisse
que nous puissions
que vous puissiez
qu’ils/elles puissent

Pouvoir is an irregular verb in the subjunctive.

Question 19

Q

Conjugate vouloir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je veuille
que tu veuilles
qu’il/elle/on veuille
que nous voulions
que vous vouliez
qu’ils/elles veuillent

Vouloir is an irregular verb in the subjunctive. Note the different stem used for the nous and vous forms.

Question 20

Q

Conjugate être in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que je sois
que tu sois
qu’il/elle/on soit
que nous soyons
que vous soyez
qu’ils/elles soient

Être is totally irregular in the subjunctive in that it has both irregular stems and endings.

Question 21

Q

Conjugate avoir in the present subjunctive.

Answer

A

que j’aie
que tu aies
qu’il/elle/on ait
que nous ayons
que vous ayez
qu’ils/elles aient

Avoir is totally irregular in the subjunctive in that it has both irregular stems and endings.

Question 22

Q

Translate to French:

They wish (that) he would come

Answer

A

Ils souhaitent qu’il vienne

to wish, to desire - désirer, souhaiter. Recall that verbs denoting desire should be followed by the subjunctive.

Question 23

Q

Translate to French:

I prefer that you be there

Answer

A

Je préfère que tu sois là

The expression préférer que requires the subjunctive because it conveys preference.

Question 24

Q

Translate to French:

She orders that we be ready

Answer

A

Elle commande que nous soyons prêts

The subjunctive is used following verbs or expressions that denote orders, requirements, or suggestions.

Question 25

Q

Translate to French:

He demands that you be on time

Answer

A

Il exige que tu sois à l’heure

to demand (that) - exiger (que). Since it conveys a command, exiger que requires the subjunctive.

Question 26

Q

Translate to French:

I permit him to make a meal

Answer

A

Je permets qu’il fasse à manger

Permettre que requires the subjunctive.

Question 27

Q

Translate to French:

She suggests (that) we leave soon

Answer

A

Elle suggère que nous partions bientôt

Suggérer que requires the subjunctive.

Question 28

Q

Translate to French:

It’s time that we do it

Answer

A

Il est temps que nous le fassions

The expression il est temps que conveys a desire or suggestion, and therefore requires the subjunctive.

Question 29

Q

Translate to French:

It’s important that he leave

Answer

A

Il est important qu’il parte

The expression il est important que requires the subjunctive.

Question 30

Q

Translate to French:

It’d be better if you guys do it

Answer

A

Il vaut mieux que vous le fassiez

to be better - valoir mieux. The impersonal verb valoir is used in the expression il vaut mieux que, which means “it is better that” and which requires the subjunctive.

Question 31

Q

Translate to French:

It would be better to not go / One should not go

Answer

A

Il vaut mieux ne pas y aller

The impersonal expression il vaut mieux can be used with an infinitive, particularly when the opinion or statement expressed is a general one. No subjunctive conjugation is needed.

Question 32

Q

Translate to French:

We doubt (that) you guys will eat

Answer

A

Nous doutons que vous mangiez

The subjunctive is required following verbs or expressions of doubt, uncertainty, possibility, or opinion. Also note that there is no future subjunctive; the present subjunctive is used even when the action described would occur in the future.

Question 33

Q

Translate to French:

It is not certain that you guys will study

Answer

A

Il n’est pas certain que vous étudiiez

Because it conveys a sense of uncertainty, the expression il n’est pas certain que should be followed by the subjunctive.

Question 34

Q

Translate to French:

It is impossible for you to succeed

Answer

A

Il est impossible que tu réussisses

As an expression of possibility, il est impossible que requires the subjunctive. The opposite expression, il est possible que, also requires the subjunctive.

Question 35

Q

Translate to French:

It is fair that you guys do it

Answer

A

Il est juste que vous le fassiez

As an expression of opinion, il est juste que should be followed by the subjunctive.

Question 36

Q

Translate to French:

It seems he is happy. It seems to me that she is glad

Answer

A

Il semble qu’il soit heureux. Il me semble qu’elle est contente

The impersonal expression il semble que is followed by the subjunctive. When sembler is used impersonally with an indirect object pronoun, however, it takes the indicative instead.

Question 37

Q

Translate to French:

It seems impossible that we will arrive on time

Answer

A

Il paraît impossible que nous arrivions à l’heure

When il paraît is used with an adjective, the following verb may need to be in the subjunctive. Here, the subjunctive is used because il est impossible que requires the subjunctive, which means that il paraît impossible que also requires it.

Question 38

Q

Translate to French:

It doesn’t seem like you can do it

Answer

A

Il ne paraît pas que tu puisses le faire

Il ne paraît pas que requires the subjunctive.

Question 39

Q

Translate to French:

He regrets that the project is not ready

Answer

A

Il regrette que le projet ne soit pas prêt

Verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling take the subjunctive. The feeling of regret is at play here.

Question 40

Q

Translate to French:

I like that Jean is so creative

Answer

A

J’aime que Jean soit si créatif

As a verb of feeling, aimer que requires the subjunctive.

Question 41

Q

Translate to French:

He is happy that I can see it

Answer

A

Il est heureux que je puisse le voir

Être heureux que requires the subjunctive.

Question 42

Q

Translate to French:

He is sad that she is leaving

Answer

A

Il est triste qu’elle parte

As an expression of feeling, être triste que requires the subjunctive.

Question 43

Q

Translate to French:

I am embarrassed that you guys are not waiting for us

Answer

A

J’ai honte que vous ne nous attendiez pas

The expression avoir honte que takes the subjunctive.

Question 44

Q

Translate to French:

It’s good that Marc wants to work

Answer

A

Il est bon que Marc ait envie de travailler

The construction il est bon que requires the subjunctive. Remember that if a verb or expression denotes an element of subjectivity, it is most likely followed by the subjunctive.

Question 45

Q

Translate to French:

It’s too bad that I can’t see it

Answer

A

Il est dommage que je ne puisse pas le voir

Il est dommage que conveys a feeling or opinion, and therefore requires the subjunctive. Note that you could also say C’est dommage que…

Question 46

Q

Translate to French:

He thinks that I understand. He does not believe that I understand

Answer

A

Il croit que je comprends. Il ne croit pas que je comprenne

Some verbs and expressions can take both the indicative and the subjunctive. When croire que is used in the affirmative, it takes the indicative. However, it is followed by the subjunctive when used negatively or interrogatively.

Question 47

Q

Translate to French:

I think that we are going to forget. I do not think that we are going to forget

Answer

A

Je pense que nous allons oublier. Je ne pense pas que nous allions oublier

Note how the indicative is used with the affirmative form of penser, since certainty is implied. However, the subjunctive is used with the negative form of penser, which conveys doubt.

Question 48

Q

Translate to French:

It’s certain that he will be here tonight. It’s not certain that he will be here tonight

Answer

A

Il est certain qu’il sera ici ce soir. Il n’est pas certain qu’il soit ici ce soir

Note how the indicative is used with il est certain que, since it denotes certainty. The subjunctive is used with the negative il n’est pas certain que, since uncertainty is suggested.

Question 49

Q

Translate to French:

It is true that she is smiling. It is not true that she is smiling. Is it true that she is smiling?

Answer

A

Il est vrai qu’elle sourit. Il n’est pas vrai qu’elle sourie. Est-il vrai qu’elle sourie?

Used affirmatively, il est vrai que takes the indicative. Used negatively or in a question, it takes the subjunctive, as uncertainty is implied.

Question 50

Q

Translate to French:

I hope that you will come. I do not hope that you will come

Answer

A

J’espère que tu viendras. Je n’espère pas que tu viennes

The affirmative form of espérer que takes the indicative, while the negative or interrogative forms take the subjunctive.

Question 51

Q

Translate to French:

She has the impression that he is sad

Answer

A

Elle a l’impression qu’il est triste

to have the impression that - avoir l’impression que. Note how this expression takes the indicative, not the subjunctive.

Question 52

Q

Translate to French:

I admit that she is beautiful

Answer

A

J’avoue qu’elle est belle

to admit, to confess - avouer. This verb takes the indicative, not the subjunctive.

Question 53

Q

Translate to French:

We hear him doing the laundry

Answer

A

Nous entendons qu’il fait la lessive

The construction entendre que takes the indicative, not the subjunctive. Another way of saying this (without the subjunctive) would be Nous l’entendons faire la lessive.

Question 54

Q

Translate to French:

We’ve decided that it is worth a try

Answer

A

Nous avons décider que ça vaut le coup d’essayer

Décider que takes the indicative. Also note the expression valoir le coup, “to be worth it/a shot.”

Question 55

Q

Translate to French:

Paul demands that Maxime come

Answer

A

Paul ordonne que Maxime vienne

Ordonner que requires the subjunctive, since it denotes a command.

Question 56

Q

Translate to French:

You write that she wants a new bed

Answer

A

Tu écris qu’elle veut un nouveau lit

The verb écrire takes the indicative.

Question 57

Q

Translate to French:

You say that she will be here. Are you saying that she will be here?

Answer

A

Tu dis qu’elle sera ici. Dis-tu qu’elle soit ici?

The affirmative dire que takes the indicative. Meanwhile, both its negative and interrogative forms take the subjunctive.

Question 58

Q

Translate to French:

It’s probable that Sophie knows the truth. It’s not probable that Sophie knows the truth

Answer

A

Il est probable que Sophie sait la vérité. Il n’est pas probable que Sophie sache la vérité

Since it conveys certainty, the affirmative il est probable que should be followed by the indicative. Used negatively (il n’est pas probable que) or in a question, it is followed by the subjunctive.

Question 59

Q

Translate to French:

I always forget that he lives in New York

Answer

A

J’oublie toujours qu’il habite à New York

Oublier que takes the indicative, not the subjunctive.

Question 60

Q

Translate to French:

I am afraid that he is coming to the party

Answer

A

J’ai peur qu’il ne vienne à la fête

Note the use of the ne explétif here. Following certain verbs and expressions that require the subjunctive (like avoir peur que), the ne explétif is added before the subjunctive verb in the dependent clause. It is not actually negative in meaning.

Question 61

Q

Translate to French:

I fear that Julie will come back

Answer

A

Je crains que Julie ne revienne

Craindre que requires both the subjunctive and the ne explétif. Also note that use of the ne explétif is relatively formal but technically and grammatically required.

Question 62

Q

Translate to French:

You are preventing him from going

Answer

A

Tu empêches qu’il n’aille

Empêcher que requires both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Question 63

Q

Translate to French:

He is afraid that I know how to do it. He is afraid that I do not know how to do it

Answer

A

Il a peur que je ne sache le faire. Il a peur que je ne sache pas le faire

In the second sentence, in which the dependent clause is actually meant to be negative, you simply use the regular ne… pas. Note the construction savoir le faire (rather than savoir comment le faire).

Question 64

Q

Translate to French:

(to a friend) Prevent them from going

Answer

A

Évite qu’ils n’aillent

Éviter que requires both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Answer 65

A

Tu nies que tu me connaisses. Nies-tu que tu ne me connaisses?

to deny that - nier que. This verb always requires the subjunctive. It uses the ne explétif when it’s used in its negative (ne pas nier que) or interrogative forms.

Answer 66

A

On doute que vous mangiez. On ne doute pas que vous ne mangez

Douter que, which implies doubt, takes the subjunctive. The negative ne pas douter que, which implies certainty, is followed by the indicative. Note that the negative and interrogative forms of douter que take the ne explétif. Therefore, in the second sentence, you see the rare pairing of a ne explétif with an indicative verb.

Answer 67

A

Trouve nos blousons afin que nous n’ayons pas froid

so that - afin que. Most conjunctions of purpose require the subjunctive.

Answer 68

A

S’il vous plaît, fermez la porte pour qu’il ne fasse pas froid

so that - pour que. Pour que and afin que can be used interchangeably, and both require the subjunctive.

Answer 69

A

Elle saute son cours de façon qu’elle puisse aller au concert

so that, in such a way that - de façon que. Two alternatives are de manière que and de sorte que. All three conjunctions take the subjunctive.

Answer 70

A

Je n’ai rien dit de peur qu’ils ne se fâchent contre moi

for fear that, lest - de peur que, de crainte que. Both expressions require the subjunctive and the ne explétif. Note how the present subjunctive is used even though the main verb is in the past tense.

Answer 71

A

Tu dois me le dire avant que Marie ne parte

before - avant que. This conjunction of time requires both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Answer 72

A

Je vous attendrai jusqu’à ce que vous arriviez

until - jusqu’à ce que. This conjunctive expression takes the subjunctive.

Answer 73

A

Elle est allée se coucher sans que je ne le sache

without - sans que. This phrase takes both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Answer 74

A

Claire ne veut pas aller à la plage sans que son père ne le sache

Recall that sans que requires both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Answer 75

A

Quoiqu’il fasse chaud, je vais courir

although, even though - quoique. This phrase of concession must be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 76

A

Vous l’aimez beaucoup bien qu’il soit idiot de temps en temps

even though, although, despite - bien que. This conjunction of concession must be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 77

A

Elle n’ira pas à moins que Jean ne vienne

unless - à moins que. This expression of condition requires both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Answer 78

A

Il ne chantera pas à moins que quelqu’un ne chante avec lui

Recall that à moins que requires the ne explétif.

Answer 79

A

Je jouerai au basket avec toi, pourvu que j’aie du temps

provided that, assuming - pourvu que, à condition que. Both expressions must be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 80

A

Il y a un chat et un chien. Celui-là est gentil tandis que celui-ci est méchant / Le premier est gentil tandis que l’autre est méchant

the former… the latter - celui-là… celui-ci, le premier… l’autre. Another way of saying “the latter” is ce dernier.

Answer 81

A

Tu dois arriver en avance, sinon tu ne trouveras pas de siège

or else, otherwise, if not - ou bien, sinon

Answer 82

A

Ou bien elle dormait toujours, ou bien elle ne voulait pas venir, ou bien elle était simplement en retard

either… or… or - ou bien… ou bien… ou bien

Answer 83

A

Or, il se trouve que Marc habite juste ici

now, yet - or. Note the impersonal phrase il se trouve que, “it so happens that.” It takes the indicative. A similar phrase is il arrive que, which means “it sometimes happens that” and which requires the subjunctive.

Answer 84

A

On va commencer après qu’ils partiront

The conjunctive phrase après que takes the indicative. Also note how the future tense is normally used after it, even though the present tense is typically used in English.

Answer 85

A

Il viendra aussitôt que je lui téléphonerai

as soon as - aussitôt que, dès que. Neither construction requires the subjunctive, but do note how they are typically followed by the future. Also note that aussitôt by itself is an adverb meaning “immediately.”

Answer 86

A

Tant que Jean est chez toi, il peut t’aider

as long as, while, since - tant que, puisque. These phrases do not take the subjunctive.

Answer 87

A

Je peins en même temps que Marcel fait la vaisselle

at the same time that/as - en même temps que. This construction does not require the subjunctive.

Answer 88

A

C’est la plus gentille femme que Marc connaisse

When a verb follows a superlative expression, it is commonly in the subjunctive. This is because the superlative expression implies a subjective opinion, judgment, or exaggeration.

Answer 89

A

C’est le seul roman que vous aimiez

Note how the subjunctive follows the superlative form of seul.

Answer 90

A

C’est le plus beau maillot de bain que je voie

Recall that the subjunctive is often used in clauses following superlative expressions.

Answer 91

A

Quel que soit le problème, on va le résoudre

whatever - quel que. The subjunctive is used after indefinite constructions like si…que, quoi que, and quel que.

Answer 92

A

Quoi que vous trouviez, nous l’inspecterons

whatever, no matter what - quoi que. This indefinite construction should be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 93

A

Si grande qu’elle soit, on pourra voir toute la ville

however, no matter how - si… que. This construction should be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 94

A

Où que tu sois, il viendra te rejoindre

wherever - où que. This indefinite construction should be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 95

A

Qui qu’ils soient, nous ne les aimons pas

whoever - qui que. This indefinite construction should be followed by the subjunctive.

Answer 96

A

Tu peux venir à n’importe quelle heure

any, no matter what/which - n’importe quel. The verb importer means both “to import” and “to matter/be important.”

Answer 97

A

Je ferais n’importe quoi pour avoir la chance de les voir

anything - n’importe quoi. Note that this construction is often used in conversation to mean “nonsense.”

Answer 98

A

N’importe qui peut venir voir le match

anyone - n’importe qui

Answer 99

A

Appelle-moi n’importe quand

anytime, whenever - n’importe quand

Answer 100

A

Il ira n’importe où

anywhere, wherever - n’importe où

Answer 101

A

Qu’il ne réussisse jamais

Note how the subjunctive can be used as an imperative, normally when the speaker isn’t actually addressing the person at whom the command is directed.

Answer 102

A

Vive le roi!

This is arguably the most famous use of the subjunctive as an imperative.

Answer 103

A

On cherche un étudiant qui sache conduire. On connait un étudiant qui sait conduire

The subjunctive is employed in relative clauses when the antecedent is indefinite. In the second sentence, the antecedent is definite, (the student is known without any doubt) so the indicative is used.

Answer 104

A

Je cherche un ami qui veuille venir avec nous

The subjunctive is used in the relative clause following the antecedent – a noun/pronoun denoting something/someone that isn’t yet identified or that may not exist. Because this implies doubt, the subjunctive is necessary.

Answer 105

A

Il n’y a personne qui puisse t’aider. Voici quelqu’un qui peut t’aider

The subjunctive is used after personne, quelqu’un, quelque chose, and rien when uncertainty is suggested. Note how in the second sentence, the indicative is used.

Answer 106

A

Je ne crois pas qu’il veuille aller à New York

Recall that croire requires the subjunctive only after its negative or interrogative forms.

Answer 107

A

Croyez-vous qu’elle vienne?

Recall that croire and penser require the subjunctive when used negatively or in a question.

Answer 108

A

Elle n’aime pas qu’il dise ces choses

Aimer que always requires the subjunctive.

Answer 109

A

Nous craignons qu’ils ne prennent ce que nous voulons

Note the placement of (a non-negative) ne before the subjunctive verb, since expressions of fear like craindre que require both the subjunctive and the ne explétif.

Answer 110

A

Je suis sûr qu’il a 40 ans

The indicative is used here because there is no doubt.

Answer 111

A

Il est nécessaire que nous partions

The subjunctive is used here because an obligation, demand, or opinion is being expressed.

Answer 112

A

Préfères-tu que je fasse mes valises maintenant ou plus tard?

The subjunctive is used here because a desire or preference is being expressed. Préférer que always requires the subjunctive.

Answer 113

A

Elle veut que vous compreniez le livre

The subjunctive is used here because a desire is expressed.

Answer 114

A

Je souhaite aller en France

There are several ways to avoid using the subjunctive. In this case, it would be incorrect to say Je souhaite que j’aille en France. If the subject of the main verb and the subject of the verb in the dependent clause are the same, it is better to use an infinitive.

Answer 115

A

Nous devons travailler beaucoup afin de réussir

Here, the subjunctive (Nous devons travailler beaucoup afin que nous réussissions) is avoided in favor of an infinitive.

Answer 116

A

Nous vous téléphonerons avant que vous n’arriviez. / Nous vous téléphonerons avant votre arrivée

In the second sentence, the subjunctive is avoided by replacing a clause with an appropriate noun.

Answer 117

A

Elle est heureuse de venir

Here, the subjunctive (Elle est heureuse qu’elle vienne) is avoided because the subject of the main and dependent clauses is the same. Instead, the infinitive is used.

Answer 118

A

Je permets que mon chien parte. / Je permets à mon chien de partir

Both of these sentences are correct. The second avoids the subjunctive by using the preposition à before the indirect object, followed by de + the infinitive. This method works following all verbs and expressions of command, requirement, or permission.

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Lesson 17 Flashcards

This deck introduces the present subjunctive and goes through the most common verbs and phrases that require the subjunctive mood. For more info on the subjunctive, we recommend checking out lawlessfrench.com.

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