Lesson 12 Flashcards

Question

# Translate to French: If you feed them, the rabbits _will grow_

Answer 1

Si tu les nourris, les lapins _se développeront_ ## Footnote Note how the future is used to indicate what will happen if the condition in the initial *si* clause is met.

Answer 2

Quand il _rentrera_, nous lui parlerons ## Footnote The future tense is used after certain conjunctions (like *quand*) when the main verb's action will take place in the future (in other words, when the action has not yet occurred). In English, the present tense is normally used.

Answer 3

Tu le verras lorsqu'il _arrivera_ ## Footnote The action following the conjunction (*lorsque*) has not yet occurred, so the following verb is conjugated in the future. In English, the present is used.

Answer 4

Nous commencerons dès qu'ils _arriveront_ ## Footnote The future is used after *dès que* when the action of the verb will take place in the future. The present is normally used in English.

Answer 5

The conditional indicates actions that are not guaranteed to happen -- they are dependent on conditions. In English, its construction is "would + verb." The most basic form of the conditional is the present conditional. It is formed by adding the endings *-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient* to the future stem of the verb.

Answer 6

À ta place, je _partirais_ ## Footnote Note the first-person singular in the present conditional of *partir*. Simply take the future stem (in this case, the infinitive) of the verb and add the appropriate ending, *-ais*. Also note the use of the feminine noun *place* to mean "position" or "situation."

Answer 7

Est-ce que tu m'_aiderais_? ## Footnote Note the second-person singular in the present conditional of *aider*. Take the future stem of the verb and add the proper ending, *-ais*.

Answer 8

Il _nagerait_, mais il fait trop froid ## Footnote Note the third-person singular in the present conditional of *nager*. Take the future stem (in this case, the infinitive) of the verb and add the appropriate ending, *-ait*.

Answer 9

Nous mangerions _dans ce cas-là_ ## Footnote in that case - *dans ce cas-là*. Note the first-person plural in the present conditional of *manger*.

Answer 10

Vous _aimeriez_ ce roman ## Footnote Note the second-person plural in the present conditional of *aimer*.

Answer 11

Ils _seraient_ heureux d'aller avec toi ## Footnote Note the third-person plural in the present conditional of *être*, which has an irregular stem just like in the future tense.

Answer 12

J'_irais_ au magasin mais il est fermé ## Footnote Recall that *aller* has an irregular stem, which is used in both the future and present conditional.

Answer 13

Ils disent qu'ils _viendront_ ## Footnote In indirect discourse, the future is used when the verb in the main clause is in the present tense.

Answer 14

Elle m'a demandé si tu _viendrais_ ## Footnote In indirect discourse, the conditional is used when the verb in the main clause is in the past tense (either the *passé composé* or the imperfect).

Answer 15

Nous resterions à la maison. Nous _devrions rester_ à la maison ## Footnote Note how in the present conditional, the verb *devoir* indicates obligation or necessity; it is best translated as "should" rather than "would."

Answer 16

Si tu _finis_ ton travail, je te _donnerai_ le cadeau. Si tu _as fini_ ton travail, je _vais_ te donner le cadeau ## Footnote If a *si* clause is in the present or *passé composé*, the main verb can be in either the present, future, or imperative.

Answer 17

Si j'avais le temps, je lui _donnerais_ le livre ## Footnote If a *si* clause is in the imperfect tense, the main verb should be in the present conditional. Constructions like this indicate what would happen (present conditional) if something else happened (imperfect). In other words, the conditions are presented in the imperfect.

Answer 18

Si vous l'appelez il _viendra_ ## Footnote Notice how the *si* clause is in the present, which means the main verb can be in either the future or the present.

Answer 19

Nous _lirions_ plus si nous avions le temps ## Footnote Note the first-person plural in the present conditional of *lire*. The *si* clause is in the imperfect, which means the main verb must be in the conditional.

Answer 20

Si mon frère était là, il _saurait_ quoi faire ## Footnote Note that the future/conditional stem for *savoir* is *saur-*. *Savoir* is conjugated in the conditional because the *si* clause is in the imperfect.

Answer 21

Elle n'ira pas _dans le cas où_ il viendrait ## Footnote in case - *au cas où, dans le cas où*. These conjunctive phrases are usually followed by the conditional.

Answer 22

Elle est _si_ intelligente ## Footnote so - *si*

Answer 23

Elle n'était pas _si_ athlétique qu'elle pensait ## Footnote that, as - *si*. Note the use here of *si* in a comparison.

Answer 24

Ce n'était pas _si_ difficile ## Footnote that, as - *si*. Another way of putting this is "It wasn't as hard as that."

Answer 25

Nous allons arrêter _même si_ elle ne vient pas ## Footnote even if - *même si*

Answer 26

Il se comportait *_comme s'_*il ne se passait rien de bizarre ## Footnote as if, as though - *comme si*. Note how *si* is shortened to *s'* before *il*.

Answer 27

Si j'_étais_ plus grand! ## Footnote The imperfect tense can be paired with *si* to express suggestions or wishes. Another example: *Et si on sortait ce soir?* means "What if we went out tonight?"

Answer 28

_Et si_ on partait demain? ## Footnote how about, what if - *et si*. This construction is used at the beginning of suggestive questions posed in the imperfect.

Answer 29

Nous _voudrions_ aller au parc ## Footnote The irregular future/conditional stem for *vouloir* is *voudr-*. Note how the conditional is used for requests, desires, or commands. Using the conditional for these purposes is polite and serves to soften the statement.

Answer 30

_Pourriez_-vous m'aider demain? ## Footnote The irregular future/conditional stem for *pouvoir* is *pourr-*. Also note how the conditional is used here to soften a request. Another translation of this question is simply, "Could you help me tomorrow?"

Answer 31

Je _voudrais_ du pain ## Footnote The verb *vouloir* is often used in the conditional to politely request something. It's softer than "I want some bread."

Answer 32

J'_aimerais_ aller à Paris, mais je ne peux pas ## Footnote The verb *aimer* is often used in the conditional to indicate a desire.

Answer 33

_Sauriez-vous_ nous diriger vers la salle à manger? ## Footnote *Savoir* can be used in the conditional for formal requests of a person's knowledge. In this context, it is like *pouvoir* in that it means "to be able to."

Answer 34

Jean est à la _tête_ de la famille ## Footnote a head - *une tête*. Note the expression *être à la tête*, which means "to lead" or "to head."

Answer 35

Il a fermé les _yeux_ ## Footnote eyes - *les yeux*. Definite articles are typically used with body parts (instead of possessive adjectives). In this case, *les* is used instead of *ses*. The singular form is *un oeil*. Finally, note that the expression "in the eyes of" is translated by *aux yeux de*.

Answer 36

Elle se lave les _mains_ ## Footnote a hand - *une main*. Reflexive verbs are frequently used with body parts.

Answer 37

Je _me peigne les cheveux_ parce que je dois aller au travail ## Footnote to comb one's hair - *se peigner les cheveux*

Answer 38

J'_ai mal_ à la tête ## Footnote to hurt - *avoir mal*. Note that *avoir mal* is used when something is hurting, whereas the action of causing pain is expressed with *faire mal*.

Answer 39

Il était si grand qu'il _s'est cogné la tête contre_ le plafond ## Footnote to hit (body part on something) - *se cogner (quelque chose contre quelque chose)*

Answer 40

J'ai mal aux _dents_! ## Footnote teeth - *les dents*. This is a feminine noun.

Answer 41

Marie _se brosse les dents_ chaque matin ## Footnote to brush one's teeth - *se brosser les dents*. *Se brosser* by itself means "to brush (oneself)."

Answer 42

Pourquoi _lève_-t-il la main? ## Footnote to raise, to rise - *lever*. Recall that the reflexive *se lever* means "to get up."

Answer 43

Elle s'est _brossée_. Elle s'est _brossé_ les dents. Elle se les est _brossées_ ## Footnote In the first sentence, the reflexive pronoun *s'* is the direct object, so the participle *brossée* agrees with it. In the second sentence, the reflexive pronoun is no longer the direct object, so there is no agreement (*brossé*). In the third sentence, *les dents* (a feminine plural noun) is replaced by the object pronoun *les*, which serves as the preceding direct object, so the participle agrees.

Answer 44

Il va se salir _les pieds_ ## Footnote a foot - *un pied*. Recall that possessive adjectives are almost never used when talking about body parts.

Answer 45

Il a cassé la guitare en la _jetant_ ## Footnote to throw - *lancer, jeter*. Note that *jeter* often means "to throw away." Also recall the use of the gerund to say "by \_\_\_ing."

Answer 46

Je me suis cassé la _jambe_ ## Footnote a leg - *une jambe*. Note how *casser* requires a reflexive pronoun in this context.

Answer 47

Elle a les _doigts_ très longs ## Footnote a finger - *un doigt*. Note that you could also say *Ses doigts sont très longs* -- "Her fingers are very long."

Answer 48

Elle n'a que neuf _orteils_ ## Footnote a toe - *un orteil*

Answer 49

Mon oncle a le plus grand _nez_ du monde ## Footnote the nose - *le nez*. Note that you could change the order and say *Il a le nez le plus grand du monde*.

Answer 50

Il faut fermer la _bouche_ en mangeant ## Footnote the mouth - *la bouche*

Answer 51

Les légumes sont bons pour la _santé_ ## Footnote health - *la santé*

Answer 52

Je _me sens mal_ ## Footnote to feel sick - *se sentir mal*

Answer 53

Son fils est très _malade_ ## Footnote sick, ill - *malade*. This word can be used as a noun, meaning "a patient" or "a sick person." Also note that "to become sick" is *tomber malade*.

Answer 54

Jean et Marie ont la même _maladie_ ## Footnote a sickness, an illness - *une maladie*

Answer 55

Tu as eu une _douleur_ au bras ## Footnote pain - *la douleur*. Note the masculine noun for "arm," *bras*, as well as the construction *douleur à...*

Answer 56

Il dort à plat _ventre_ ## Footnote the belly, the stomach - *le ventre, l'estomac*. Note that "to have a stomach ache" is *avoir mal au ventre*.

Answer 57

Son _cou_ lui fait mal ## Footnote the neck - *le cou*. Note that "the throat" is *la gorge*.

Answer 58

J'achèterai un nouveau _portable_ cet après-midi; je viens de casser l'ancien ## Footnote a cell phone - *un (téléphone) portable*. Note that *acheter* has a slightly irregular stem in the future and conditional: *achèter-*.

Answer 59

J'ai besoin d'un nouvel _ordinateur portable_ ## Footnote a laptop - *un (ordinateur) portable*. Recall that *nouveau* becomes *nouvel* when it is followed by a vowel sound.

Answer 60

Deux secondes, j'augmenterai le _volume_ ## Footnote volume - *le volume*. Note how *augmenter*, "to increase," is used here. You can also say *monter le son*, "turn up the sound." (For the opposite action, use *baisser le son*.) Finally, *deux secondes* is a common expression, meaning "hold on" or "one sec."

Answer 61

_D'une part_, on peut attendre jusqu'à demain. _De l'autre_, ce soir serait bien amusant ## Footnote on one hand... on the other - *d'une part... de l'autre*. An alternative is the construction *d'un côté... de l'autre*.

Answer 62

_As_-tu *_moyen d'_*amener une voiture? ## Footnote to have a way/the means to - *avoir (un) moyen de*

Answer 63

Nous _avons eu l'occasion de_ suivre l'un des meilleurs cours de l'université ## Footnote to have the chance to - *avoir l'occasion de*. Note how *un* becomes *l'un* here. This is a common practice, usually done when *un* is used as a pronoun.

Answer 64

Oui mais cela _n'avait rien à voir avec_ son voyage à Paris ## Footnote (to have) nothing to do with - *(n'avoir) rien à voir avec*

Answer 65

Elle veut regarder la télé *au lieu d'*aller au cinéma ## Footnote instead of, in place of - *au lieu de, plutôt que, à la place de*

Answer 66

La liste _nous convient_ très bien ## Footnote to suit, to be suitable to - *convenir à*. Note the feminine noun *liste*.

Answer 67

Oui, effectivement je l'adore *_en tant qu'_*actrice ## Footnote as - *en tant que*. Note the adverb *effectivement*, which means "actually" or "indeed." An alternative to *effectivement* is *en effet*.

Lesson 12 Flashcards

This deck covers the future tense and the present conditional. It also presents vocabulary words about the body and about technology.