Lesson 13 Flashcards

This deck introduces the adverbial pronouns "y" and "en." It also teaches kitchen and geography words.

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1
Q

Translate to French:

The ocean was very beautiful

A

L’océan était très beau

an ocean - un océan. Recall that “the sea” is la mer.

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2
Q

Translate to French:

The sand seems whiter than usual

A

Le sable semble être plus blanc que d’habitude

sand - le sable. Note the construction plus… que d’habitude, which means “more… than usual.”

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3
Q

Translate to French:

The Alps are the most beautiful mountains in the world

A

Les Alpes sont les plus belles montagnes du monde

a mountain - une montagne. Montagnes russes, or “Russian mountains,” is the French term for “roller coaster.”

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4
Q

Translate to French:

Julie decided to climb the hill with her friends

A

Julie a décidé de monter la colline avec ses amis

a hill - une colline

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5
Q

Translate to French:

The Latin Quarter is found on the Left Bank of the Seine

A

Le Quartier latin se trouve sur la Rive gauche de la Seine

a river bank - une rive

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6
Q

Translate to French:

We’re going to the store. Do you want to go there?

A

Nous allons au magasin. Tu veux y aller?

The adverbial pronoun y is used to replace a location or prepositional phrase beginning with any preposition other than de. It should not, however, be used to replace a phrase that includes a person (e.g. à mon cousin). These phrases get replaced with indirect object pronouns.

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7
Q

Translate to French:

Paul is reflecting on his new idea. He reflects on it often

A

Paul réfléchit à sa nouvelle idée. Il y réfléchit souvent

Note how the pronoun y replaces a phrase containing à plus a noun: à sa nouvelle idée.

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8
Q

Translate to French:

Julie likes to go to the market. She goes there on Fridays

A

Julie aime aller au marché. Elle y va le vendredi

Note how the pronoun y replaces a prepositional phrase meaning “at/to a place”: au marché.

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9
Q

Translate to French:

I am in the kitchen. I am there

A

Je suis dans la cuisine. J’y suis

Here, the pronoun y replaces a phrase beginning with the preposition dans. Recall that to use y, the object of the preposition must be a thing (places included).

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10
Q

Translate to French:

They think about the soccer match. They think about it

A

Ils pensent au match de foot. Ils y pensent

Here, y replaces a thing following a verb that requires à: au match de foot.

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11
Q

Translate to French:

You respond to your dad. You respond to him

A

Tu réponds à ton père. Tu lui réponds

Remember that when the object of the preposition is a person, you should use indirect object pronouns.

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12
Q

Translate to French:

He thinks about the story. He thinks about it

A

Il pense à l’histoire. Il pense à cela/ Il y pense

Recall that penser à does not allow preceding indirect object pronouns. Also recall that when the indirect object is a thing, you can use à + an indefinite demonstrative pronoun (Il pense à cela). Another option is to replace the preposition and indirect object with y (Il y pense).

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13
Q

Translate to French:

I don’t want this cake anymore. Do you want some?

A

Je ne veux plus ce gâteau. Tu en veux?

Note how en is used here not as a preposition, but as a pronoun. The adverbial pronoun en is similar to y, except that it replaces quantities and prepositional phrases beginning with de.

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14
Q

Translate to French:

Did Jean speak about his book? Yes, he spoke about it

A

Est-ce que Jean a parlé de son livre? Oui, il en a parlé

Note how the pronoun en replaces the phrase de son livre.

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15
Q

Translate to French:

You come from Grenoble. You come from there

A

Vous venez de Grenoble. Vous en venez

Note how the pronoun en replaces a noun after the preposition de.

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16
Q

Translate to French:

She needs money. She needs it

A

Elle a besoin d’argent. Elle en a besoin

Note how en is used with an expression followed by de.

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17
Q

Translate to French:

He has some sugar. He has some

A

Il a du sucre. Il en a

Note how en is used to replace a phrase containing a partitive or indefinite article.

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18
Q

Translate to French:

I had five pencils. I had five of them

A

J’avais cinq crayons. J’en avais cinq

Note how en can replace phrases of quantity.

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19
Q

Translate to French:

They have too many clothes. They have too many of them

A

Ils ont trop de vêtements. Ils en ont trop

Note how en replaces a phrase of quantity here.

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20
Q

Translate to French:

I am thinking about Julie. Are you thinking about her?

A

Je pense à Julie. Penses-tu à elle?

Note that y cannot be used to replace à Julie because this phrase refers to a person. To avoid repetition, Julie can at least be replaced by the disjunctive pronoun elle.

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21
Q

Translate to French:

I see clouds beyond the mountains

A

Je vois des nuages au-delà des montagnes

beyond - au-delà de. This word can apply both to physical distance and time.

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22
Q

Translate to French:

The book is up there

A

Le livre est là-haut

up there - là-haut. The prefix là- can be added to adverbs of place. It means “that” or “there.” Its opposite is the prefix ci-, which has more uses.

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23
Q

Translate to French:

It was on top of that

A

C’était là-dessus

on top of that - là-dessus. Note that the opposite of this phrase is là-dessous, “under that.”

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24
Q

Translate to French:

He is going to look inside that

A

Il va regarder là-dedans

inside - dedans. Note how this adverb is used here with the prefix là-. Also note that the opposite of dedans is dehors, “outside.”

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25
Q

Translate to French:

You will find the explanation below

A

Vous trouverez l’explication ci-dessous

The prefix ci- is usually used in the context of written documents. It can be added to adverbs (as in the example), but also to prepositions, past participles, and adjectives. (Ci-joint, for example, means “attached here.”) Its opposite is the prefix là-.

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26
Q

Translate to French:

We are going to jump over the barrier. We are going to jump over it

A

Nous allons sauter par-dessus la barrière. Nous allons sauter par-dessus

over (it) - par-dessus. This construction denotes movement. Note how it does not have to be followed by a noun. Its opposite is par-dessous, “under (it).”

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27
Q

Translate to French:

She always behaved normally with regard to her teachers

A

Elle se comportait toujours normalement envers ses enseignants

toward, with regard to - envers, à l’égard de. Envers is both a preposition and a noun: as a noun, it means “back(side)” or “other side.”

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28
Q

Translate to French:

He was wearing his shirt inside out

A

Il portait sa chemise à l’envers

inside out, upside down - à l’envers

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29
Q

Translate to French:

I am walking through the forest

A

Je marche à travers la forêt

through, across - à travers

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30
Q

Translate to French:

My sister is going to France next summer. She comes from China

A

Ma soeur va en France l’été prochain. Elle vient de Chine

The use of prepositions with geographical names is dependent on the gender and type of the given location. For feminine countries or continents, use en (“to/in”) and de/d’ (“from”). Most countries that end in “e” are feminine. All the continents are feminine.

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31
Q

Translate to French:

He is going to Brazil

A

Il va au Brésil

For masculine countries that start with a consonant, use the preposition au (“to/in”).

32
Q

Translate to French:

Are you in Ecuador?

A

Es-tu en Équateur?

For masculine countries that start with a vowel, use the preposition en (“to/in”).

33
Q

Translate to French:

My mom is coming back to the United States

A

Ma mère revient aux États-Unis

For countries with plural names, use the preposition aux (“to/in”).

34
Q

Translate to French:

Mexico, Japan, Canada, Brazil, Lebanon, Morocco, Luxembourg, Denmark, Portugal, Senegal, Vietnam

A

le Mexique, le Japon, le Canada, le Brésil, le Liban, le Maroc, le Luxembourg, le Danemark, le Portugal, le Sénégal, le Viêt Nam

These are masculine countries. They take the prepositions au (“to/in”) and du (“from”).

35
Q

Translate to French:

Spain, Italy, Germany, China, Russia, Libya, Algeria, Israel, Greece, Turkey, Austria, Egypt, India

A

l’Espagne, l’Italie, l’Allemagne, la Chine, la Russie, la Lybie, l’Algérie, l’Israël, la Grèce, la Turquie, l’Autriche, l’Égypte, l’Inde

These are feminine countries. They use the prepositions en (“to/in”) and de/d’ (“from”).

36
Q

Translate to French:

the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, Fiji, the Maldives, the Philippines

A

les Pays-Bas, les Émirats arabes unis, les États-Unis, les Fidji, les Maldives, les Philippines

These are countries with plural names. They use the prepositions aux (“to/in”) and des (“from”).

37
Q

Translate to French:

Claire just returned from Mexico. She went there with her family

A

Claire vient de revenir du Mexique. Elle y est allée avec sa famille

Note how le Mexique is an irregular country name in that it ends with an “e” but is masculine.

38
Q

Translate to French:

They live in New York. They are from Haiti

A

Ils habitent à New York. Ils sont d’Haïti

To say “to” or “in” a city or island, use à. Some islands have plural names, in which case you should use aux.

39
Q

Translate to French:

We are in California

A

On est en Californie

Feminine states and provinces are rare. They take the preposition en (“to/in”).

40
Q

Translate to French:

He is from Quebec. He’s going to Vermont

A

Il est du Québec. Il va dans le Vermont

To say “to” or “in” a masculine state or province, use either au or dans le.

41
Q

Translate to French:

Last week we were in Indiana

A

La semaine dernière nous étions en Indiana

To say “to” or “in” a masculine state/province beginning with a vowel, use either en or dans l’.

42
Q

Translate to French:

Marie decided to sit close to me

A

Marie a décidé de s’asseoir auprès de moi

next to, close to/near - auprès de. You could use près de as well. Auprès de can also be used figuratively to say “in the eyes of.”

43
Q

Translate to French:

Jean’s dog is outside at the moment

A

Le chien de Jean est dehors en ce moment

outside - dehors, au-dehors. As an alternative you could say à l’extérieur. Also note the common expression en ce moment, “at the moment.”

44
Q

Translate to French:

Apart from him, nobody liked the show

A

En dehors de lui, personne n’a aimé l’émission

apart from - en dehors de, à part. Note that en dehors de can also take a literal meaning – “outside of.”

45
Q

Translate to French:

It’s so cold! I’m going to stay inside

A

Il fait si froid! Je vais rester dedans

inside - dedans, au-dedans. Another alternative would be à l’intérieur.

46
Q

Translate to French:

Among European countries, France is my favorite

A

Parmi les pays européens, la France est mon pays préféré

among - parmi

47
Q

Translate to French:

The people among whom you lived were funny

A

Les gens parmi lesquels vous viviez étaient drôles

Recall that the relative pronoun lequel and its variants usually apply to things. After entre and parmi, however, the forms of lequel must be used to refer to people. Qui cannot be used.

48
Q

Translate to French:

As for my work, I’ll do it tomorrow

A

Quant à mon travail, je le ferai demain

as for, as far as - quant à

49
Q

Translate to French:

As far as I’m concerned, it’s the year’s best novel

A

En ce qui me concerne, c’est le meilleur roman de l’année

as far as I’m concerned, as for me - en ce qui me concerne, à mon avis. The latter literally means “in my opinion.” Other suitable alternatives include pour ma part and d’après/selon moi.

50
Q

Translate to French:

The French are happier compared to Americans

A

Les Français sont plus heureux par rapport aux Américains

compared to, in relation to - par rapport à. Note that you could also say Les Français sont plus heureux que les Américains.

51
Q

Translate to French:

I started running at a rate of six hours per week

A

J’ai commencé à courir à raison de six heures par semaine

at a/the rate of - à raison de. Note that the expression en raison de also exists, meaning “on account of” or “because of.”

52
Q

Translate to French:

They already told me something about you

A

Ils m’ont déjà raconté quelque chose à propos de toi

with regard to, about, speaking of - à propos de. Note that a more formal alternative would be Ils m’ont raconté quelque chose à ton propos.

53
Q

Translate to French:

Are you informed (aware) of what happened at the college?

A

Es-tu au courant de ce qu’il s’est passé à l’université?

(to be/to keep) informed - (être/tenir) au courant. Note that you could also say Es-tu au courant à propos de l’université?

54
Q

Translate to French:

The film’s main character is great, especially in terms of his personality

A

Le personnage principal du film est génial, surtout en ce qui concerne sa personnalité

in terms of - en termes de, en matière de, en ce qui concerne. While it normally has a comparative meaning (“compared to”), the expression par rapport à is used with increasing frequency as a synonym of expressions like en ce qui concerne and à propos de (“in terms of” and “with regard to”).

55
Q

Translate to French:

I arrived just a second ago

A

Je viens d’arriver tout à l’heure

just a second ago; in just a second - tout à l’heure. This expression is used to express that something either has just happened or is about to happen.

56
Q

Translate to French:

See you soon!

A

À tout à l’heure!

See you soon! - À tout à l’heure!

57
Q

Translate to French:

All of a sudden, they left

A

Tout à coup, ils sont partis

all of a sudden, suddenly - tout à coup. As an alternative, French speakers often use the expression tout d’un coup, which technically means “all at once” or “in one go.”

58
Q

Translate to French:

We were lined up in front of the store

A

On faisait la queue devant le magasin

to line up, to stand in line - faire la queue

59
Q

Translate to French:

I woke up before sunrise this morning

A

Je me suis réveillé ce matin avant le lever de soleil

sunrise - le lever de soleil. This noun is formed from the verb “to rise,” lever. The feminine noun aube is another word for “sunrise.”

60
Q

Translate to French:

I love being outside during sunset

A

J’adore être dehors pendant le coucher du soleil

sunset - le coucher du soleil. An alternative is the masculine noun crépuscule.

61
Q

Translate to French:

I have gone for my daily walk

A

Je suis parti faire ma promenade quotidienne

daily, everyday - quotidien. This word is also a masculine noun meaning “daily newspaper.”

62
Q

Translate to French:

The bread is in the oven

A

Le pain est dans le four

an oven - un four. Note that “a microwave (oven)” is un four à micro-ondes, or simply un micro-ondes.

63
Q

Translate to French:

The soup is on the stove

A

La soupe est sur la cuisinière

a stove - une cuisinière

64
Q

Translate to French:

The dishwasher is next to the oven

A

Le lave-vaisselle est à côté du four

a dishwasher - un lave-vaisselle

65
Q

Translate to French:

You must cook the fish before eating it

A

Il faut cuire le poisson avant de le manger

to cook - cuire. This verb refers to the act of heating food, whereas cuisiner refers to the general preparation of food. Also note how de le does not change to du here. This is because le is a direct object pronoun (referring to the fish).

66
Q

Translate to French:

Claire stirred the soup

A

Claire a remué la soupe

to stir - remuer. Note that you could also use mélanger, which technically means “to mix.”

67
Q

Translate to French:

Marc burned the milk by forgetting to stir it

A

Marc a brûlé le lait en oubliant de le remuer

to burn - brûler

68
Q

Translate to French:

You must boil the water in order to cook the eggs

A

Il faut faire bouillir l’eau pour cuire les oeufs

to boil - (faire) bouillir. Faire bouillir quelque chose is “to boil something,” while bouillir by itself is an intransitive verb: l’eau bout – “the water boils.”

69
Q

Translate to French:

Jean is cooking the eggs in a frying pan

A

Jean cuit les oeufs dans une poêle

a frying pan - une poêle

70
Q

Translate to French:

You can put the duck into the pot

A

Tu peux mettre le canard dans la casserole

a pot - une casserole. This term can also be used to mean “pan.”

71
Q

Translate to French:

According to the recipe, we do not have enough milk

A

Selon la recette, on n’a pas assez de lait

a recipe - une recette

72
Q

Translate to French:

Which flavor of ice cream would you like?

A

Quel parfum de glace aimeriez-vous?

a scent, a flavor - un parfum. Note that parfum also means “perfume.”

73
Q

Translate to French:

I just ordered a cheese plate

A

Je viens de commander une assiette de fromage

a plate - une assiette

74
Q

Translate to French:

Paul put the soup into this bowl

A

Paul a mis la soupe dans ce bol

a bowl - un bol

75
Q

Translate to French:

I prefer to eat fries with a fork

A

Je préfère manger les frites avec une fourchette

a fork - une fourchette

76
Q

Translate to French:

He stirred his coffee with a spoon

A

Il a remué son café avec une cuillère

a spoon - une cuillère