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Nutrition > Lecture part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the basics of a hindgut fermenter

A
  • monogastric
  • enlarged cecum
  • fermentation occurs in colon and cecum (similar to ruminants)
  • allows for cellulose digestion
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2
Q

horse mouth

A

-teeth
- lips and tongue
- saliva

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3
Q

horse teeth

A

-vertical and lateral jaw movements
- chew on one side at a time

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4
Q

horse lips and tongue

A

prehension

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5
Q

horse saliva

A
  • no enzymes
  • stimulated by scratching of mucus membranes of inner cheek by food
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6
Q

horse esophagus

A
  • really long
  • one way peristaltic movements
  • no eructation or regurgitation
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7
Q

why is it problematic that horses can regurgitate or throw up

A

only have 1 peristaltic direction so potential for choke

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8
Q

horse stomach

A
  • small compared to other species
  • little muscular movement
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9
Q

how are horses fed to try and prevent colic

A

fed several times a day since stomach is smaller

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10
Q

ingesta forms layer=

A

increased digestive issues

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11
Q

colic

A

gas build up that causes pain and discomfort

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12
Q

horse small intestine

A
  • similar to pig
  • exception= no gallbladder
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13
Q

since horses have no gallbladder, what happens to direct bile secretion

A

goes into duodenum

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14
Q

horse large intestine

A
  • 60% of GIT
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15
Q

what makes up the horses large intestine

A

cecum
large colon
small colon
rectum

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16
Q

what kind of diet might be problematic for horses

A

a high fat diet

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17
Q

what does the gallbladder do

A

store bile

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18
Q

horse large intestine

A
  • active flora similar to rumen microbes
  • some VFA absorption
  • little to no protein absorption
  • small colon
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19
Q

VFA

A

volatile fatty acids

20
Q

small colon

A

water reabsorption

21
Q

what do the active flora in the large intestine of a horse do

A
  • breakdown cellulose and carbs to form VFAs
  • synthesis of water-soluble vitamins
  • synthesis of proteins
22
Q

what are VFAs a precursor to

A

digestion

23
Q

rabbits

A

hind gut fermenters

24
Q

what make rabbits special

A
  • unable to vomit
  • coprophagia
25
Q

coprophagia

A
  • class of animals
  • eat feces
26
Q

what are the two forms of feces

A
  • hard, fibrous, and no nutrional value
  • caecotrophs are soft and contain vitamins and proteins
27
Q

why do rabbits fall under the classification of coprophagia

A

eat feces, or caecotrophs, as an adaptation to capture nutrients

28
Q

avian mouth

A
  • no teeth
  • beak
  • saliva contains amylase
29
Q

what is amylase

A

enzyme action for starch
- digestion occurs in mouth

30
Q

avian esophagus

A
  • contains crop
31
Q

crop

A
  • pouch and can expand
  • sits on breast
  • saliva and secretions soften food
  • storage area
32
Q

sour crop

A
  • poultry form of colic
  • yeast/bacteria overgrowth in crop
  • food leaving crop begins to ferment
33
Q

what is the main difference between birds and mammals

A

no teeth in birds

34
Q

proventriculus

A
  • equivalent to true stomach
  • site of gastric juice secretion
  • pH=4
  • ingesta passes thru rapidly
  • small
35
Q

what do HCl and Pepsin start to do in the proventriculus

A

breakdown of proteins to amino acids

36
Q

gizzard

A
  • ventriculus
  • thick muscular walls
  • grit= small stones that aid in grinding
  • no enzymatic secretions
37
Q

what is the purpose of thick muscular walls in the gizzard

A

reduce particle size of ingesta
- helps mix

38
Q

what do digested rocks act as for birds

A

teeth

39
Q

avian small intestine

A
  • main site of absorption
  • contains most of enzymes except lactase
  • pH is slightly acidic
40
Q

as does the acidic levels change as you move thru GI tract

A

slightly acidic

becomes bufferable

41
Q

ceca

A

birds have 2 large ceca

42
Q

avian large intestine

A
  • very short
  • bacterial action and some fibrous feed fermented
  • empties into cloaca
43
Q

cloaca

A
  • out and in
  • site where urine and fecal matter meet
  • site of egg laying and spermatozoa deposition
44
Q

vent

A

feces passes out of the body
- actual opening

45
Q

what is another term for cloaca

A

common sewer

46
Q

what do bird feces have on them

A

uric acid caps
- how they excrete waster of nitrogen and uric acid

Nutrition (29 decks)

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