Lecture 11

Question 1

basics of water

Answer 1

• cheapest and most abundant nutrient
• 65-90% BW at birth and 45-60% BW at maturity
• more than 99% of molecules in body
• losing greater than 10% body water= death
• lose up to 50% body protein and nearly all fat but still live
• can survive 10X longer without food than water

Question 2

what happens if H2O intake is limited

Answer 2

• decrease feed intake
• decrease rumination because rumen has a lot of water and decrease in saliva

Question 3

what is the range of water in feeds

Answer 3

90-5%

Question 4

what are the functions of water

Answer 4

1. major component of body metabolism
2. body temperature control
3. give body form and shape
4. lubricates and cushions organs and joints

Question 5

major component of body metabolism

Answer 5

• important for most biochemical reactions
• solvent
• bath cells and tissues
• transport nutrients and excretions
• moves wastes from kidneys

Question 6

body temperature control

Answer 6

• perspiration: evaporation removes heat
• respiration: changes with temp
• radiation: skin capillaries

Question 7

what are the three properties of water that make it very useful for body temp regulation

Answer 7

• high specific heat
• high thermal conductivity
• high latent heat of evaporation

Question 8

what is important when controlling body temperature

Answer 8

• circulation rate and area
• evaporation surfaces
• pigs= don’t sweat
• dogs= pant and sweat only from paws
• cattle: pant and sweat

Question 9

what are sources of water

Answer 9

• drinking water
• water content in feed
• metabolic water

Question 10

what are some factors that affect water consumption

Answer 10

• increase temp/humidity
• increased DM consumption
• production level (lactation or exercise)
• dietary factors
• age

Question 11

why do younger animals need more water consumption

Answer 11

have higher metabolisms and are growing more

Question 12

what are some examples of dietary factors affecting water consumption

Answer 12

high fiber, bulk, salt, and protein

Question 13

AD LIB

Answer 13

free choice and no restrictions on what is being eaten by animal

Question 14

what are the main sources of water coming from in feeds

Answer 14

• spring grass: 90% moisture
• corn silage: 60-70% moisture
• haylage: 50-65% moisture
• ground feeds: 10-12% moisture
• whole small grains: 12-14% moisture
• shelled corn: 15-17% moisture
• hay: 15-18% moisture
• molasses: 40% moisture

Question 15

how does metabolic water source provide water

Answer 15

• oxidation

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

chemical process that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 17

what does metabolism of CHO result in

Answer 17

more NET metabolic water than fat

Question 18

why does metabolism of CHO result in more NET water

Answer 18

• metabolism of protein requires dilution of urea with water in urine so more water needed
• metabolism of fats requires greater respiration so more water loss from lung surface

Question 19

what are some causes of water loss

Answer 19

• urine
• feces
• lugs
• skin surfaces
• milk and eggs (increase % of water)

Question 20

urine

Answer 20

• water, salt, and protein intake

Question 21

what is a GI disturbance

Answer 21

• throwing up
• diarrhea
• any illness when there is a huge loss of water

Question 22

water absorption

Answer 22

• readily absorbed from GI
• indigestible fiber increase water retention in GI tract

Question 23

where does readily absorbed water from GI occur

Answer 23

• most parts of intestine
• primary area is small colon

Question 24

what does the passage of fiber do to dietary water needs

Answer 24

increases it

Question 25

what is water absorption impacted by

Answer 25

osmotic relationships

Question 26

post meal

Answer 26

• GIT full of solid
• water flows into GIT to dilute contents

Question 27

consume fluids without food=

Answer 27

rapid absorption of liquid from GIT

Question 28

what is the best management for water requirements

Answer 28

free choice

Question 29

what do ruminants have for water storage

Answer 29

rumen
- cattle can be watered every 3 days

Question 30

what are some inorganic compounds in water

Answer 30

arsenic
cadmium
copper
fluoride
mercury