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Nutrition > Intro to Nutrition > Flashcards

Intro to Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

why should you study nutrition

A
  • feed is a major cost of having animals
  • health and performance impacts
  • employment
  • informed decisions
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2
Q

nutrition

A

science encompassing series of process which food/feed is taken in and absorbed into the body for purposes of growth, work, maintenance, and repair

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3
Q

what does nutrition involve

A

various chemical reactions and physiological transformations to convert foods into body tissues and activities

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4
Q

what is the goal of nutrition

A

supplying indispensable nutrients in adequate amounts for proper growth and maintenance

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5
Q

what is layman’s term for nutrition

A

process that transforms food into body tissues and activity

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6
Q

what is a nutrient

A

chemical element or compound that is required for normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance

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7
Q

about how many nutrients are required

A

greater than 40

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8
Q

what are the 6 nutrient classes

A
  1. water
  2. lipids
  3. minerals
  4. vitamins
  5. carbs
  6. proteins
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9
Q

what is layman’s term for a nutrient

A

useful stuff found in food/feed

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10
Q

how was Antoine Lavoisier important to nutrition

A
  • father of nutrition
  • designed a calorimeter
  • stoichiometry
  • believed energy is the only nutrient (false)
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11
Q

how is the calorimeter important to nutrition

A

measure calories
- metric of energy

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12
Q

how does the calorimeter work

A

measure heat produced by body from work and consumption of varying amounts and types of food

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13
Q

who was important in the treatment of scurvy

A

Dr. James Lind
- surgeon in British royal navy

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14
Q

how did Dr. James Lind treat scurvy

A

used citrus fruits

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15
Q

scurvy

A

deficiency in vitamin C

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16
Q

how did Dr. James Lind establish the correct treatment

A

12 sick sailors and used 6 different additions to diet to identify issue

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17
Q

what was the result of Dr. James Lind in the British royal navy

A

lime juice had to be supplied on all royal navy ships

18
Q

what is in citrus

A

ascorbic acid

19
Q

what did “Greek Medicine” think

A

good and bad humors based on nutrition; what you ate dictated good or bad humors

20
Q

European Enlightenment

A

food had spirits that had an effect on body and soul
- animal based food had more active spirits than plant based

21
Q

who was Dr. William Beaumont

A
  • father of gastric physiology
  • US army doctor
  • studied Alexis St. Martin
22
Q

what were the major findings by Willaim beaumont

A
  • stomach is not a grinder
  • no spirit in the body based on food
  • digestion occurs by digestive juices from the stomach
  • food digested at the same time but at different rates
  • stomach rumblings= stomach contractions
  • fat digested slowly
23
Q

food

A

edible material that provides nutrients

24
Q

feed

A

foods commonly used for animals

25
Q

foodstuffs/feedstuffs

A

materials made into or as used as feed/food for animals

26
Q

diet

A

mixture of feedstuffs to supply nutrients to animals (total mixture over time)

27
Q

ration

A

DAILY supply of food/feed

28
Q

what is more important; nutrients contained or what feed

A

nutrients contained

29
Q

in a ruminant what is fed first?

A

microbes

30
Q

what are the nutrient reequipments

A
  • Nitrogen in form of essential amino acids
  • fat in form of essential fatty acids
  • essential minerals
  • essential vitamins
  • energy in form of glucose
31
Q

what 3 nutrients contribute to energy

A
  1. carbs
  2. proteins
  3. lipids
32
Q

what influences the amount and proportion of feed/food/nutrients needed

A
  • species
  • type of GIT
  • age
  • level and type of productivity
33
Q

GIT

A

gastrointestinal tract

34
Q

dietary essentail

A

must be consumed by food
- has to come from diet, body cannot make it

35
Q

nonessential

A

nutrient may be consumed by food or synthesized by the body from precursors

36
Q

dry matter

A

water

37
Q

crude protein

A

proteins

38
Q

ether extract

A

lipids

39
Q

ash

A

minerals

40
Q

crude fiber

A

carbs

41
Q

nitrogen free extract

A

carbs

Nutrition (25 decks)

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