Intro to Nutrition Flashcards
why should you study nutrition
- feed is a major cost of having animals
- health and performance impacts
- employment
- informed decisions
nutrition
science encompassing series of process which food/feed is taken in and absorbed into the body for purposes of growth, work, maintenance, and repair
what does nutrition involve
various chemical reactions and physiological transformations to convert foods into body tissues and activities
what is the goal of nutrition
supplying indispensable nutrients in adequate amounts for proper growth and maintenance
what is layman’s term for nutrition
process that transforms food into body tissues and activity
what is a nutrient
chemical element or compound that is required for normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance
about how many nutrients are required
greater than 40
what are the 6 nutrient classes
- water
- lipids
- minerals
- vitamins
- carbs
- proteins
what is layman’s term for a nutrient
useful stuff found in food/feed
how was Antoine Lavoisier important to nutrition
- father of nutrition
- designed a calorimeter
- stoichiometry
- believed energy is the only nutrient (false)
how is the calorimeter important to nutrition
measure calories
- metric of energy
how does the calorimeter work
measure heat produced by body from work and consumption of varying amounts and types of food
who was important in the treatment of scurvy
Dr. James Lind
- surgeon in British royal navy
how did Dr. James Lind treat scurvy
used citrus fruits
scurvy
deficiency in vitamin C
how did Dr. James Lind establish the correct treatment
12 sick sailors and used 6 different additions to diet to identify issue
what was the result of Dr. James Lind in the British royal navy
lime juice had to be supplied on all royal navy ships
what is in citrus
ascorbic acid
what did “Greek Medicine” think
good and bad humors based on nutrition; what you ate dictated good or bad humors
European Enlightenment
food had spirits that had an effect on body and soul
- animal based food had more active spirits than plant based
who was Dr. William Beaumont
- father of gastric physiology
- US army doctor
- studied Alexis St. Martin
what were the major findings by Willaim beaumont
- stomach is not a grinder
- no spirit in the body based on food
- digestion occurs by digestive juices from the stomach
- food digested at the same time but at different rates
- stomach rumblings= stomach contractions
- fat digested slowly
food
edible material that provides nutrients
feed
foods commonly used for animals
foodstuffs/feedstuffs
materials made into or as used as feed/food for animals
diet
mixture of feedstuffs to supply nutrients to animals (total mixture over time)
ration
DAILY supply of food/feed
what is more important; nutrients contained or what feed
nutrients contained
in a ruminant what is fed first?
microbes
what are the nutrient reequipments
- Nitrogen in form of essential amino acids
- fat in form of essential fatty acids
- essential minerals
- essential vitamins
- energy in form of glucose
what 3 nutrients contribute to energy
- carbs
- proteins
- lipids
what influences the amount and proportion of feed/food/nutrients needed
- species
- type of GIT
- age
- level and type of productivity
GIT
gastrointestinal tract
dietary essentail
must be consumed by food
- has to come from diet, body cannot make it
nonessential
nutrient may be consumed by food or synthesized by the body from precursors
dry matter
water
crude protein
proteins
ether extract
lipids
ash
minerals
crude fiber
carbs
nitrogen free extract
carbs
