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Nutrition > Lecture 2 Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

non fibrous

A

starches and sugars

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2
Q

fibrous

A

cellulose

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3
Q

benefits of van soest fiber analysis

A

-useful
- accurate
- evaluating type of carbs

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4
Q

cell contents

A
  • digestible fraction of CHO, protein, lipid, and some ash
  • sugar and starch
  • protein
  • lipids
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5
Q

cell wall

A

structural fiber and lignin
- cellulose
- hemicellulose
- lignin

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6
Q

NDS

A

neutral detergent solubles
- cell contents

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7
Q

NDF

A

Neutral detergent fiber
- cell wall

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8
Q

cell contents vs cell wall

A

cell contents are the stuff that is easy to digest while the cell was is stuff that is not easy to digest

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9
Q

what do microbes posses to digest cellulose

A

enzymes

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10
Q

what do cellulose and hemicellulose make up

A

carbs

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11
Q

lignin

A
  • structure and support
  • doesn’t provide nutrients
  • not digestible for microbes
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12
Q

as age increases cell wall becomes

A
  • tougher/thicker because lignin and NDF increases while digestibility decreases
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13
Q

van soest method

A
  • forage
  • digest with neutral detergent
  • cell contents removed and hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin remain
  • digest with acid detergent (full picture)
  • hemicellulose removed and cellulose and lignin remain
  • digest with 72% sulfuric acid
  • cellulose removed and lignin remains
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14
Q

why in the van sest method is there a step of digest with 72% sulfuric acid

A

only way to separate cellulose and lignin

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15
Q

what is under the category of NDF

A
  • cellulose
  • hemicellulose
  • lignin
  • silica
  • heat damaged proteins
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16
Q

silica

A
  • common in soils with a lot of sand
  • could be potential contaminant
  • increase NDF values
17
Q

heat damage proteins

A
  • change shape and structure
  • may not be chemically analyzed the same way
  • overestimate value of NDF
18
Q

ADF

A

acid detergent fiber

19
Q

what is ADF

A
  • lignin and cellulose
  • stuff that is hard to digest
  • boil NDF in acid to remove hemicellulose
20
Q

is lignin a carb

A

no, it’s a structural filler
- nonnutritive component of feedstuff

21
Q

summary of fiber analysis

A
  • NDF: cell wall components
  • NDS: cell content & easy to digest
  • ADF: cell wall components
  • ADL: lignin portion of ADF
22
Q

what does van soest explain

A

nutritional responses in terms of feed digestibility and intake

23
Q

which is better CF or Van Soest

A

Van Soest

24
Q

what does NDF predict

A

voluntary feed intake
- higher= less feed intake

25
Q

what does ADF predict

A
  • forage digestibility
  • lower= more digestible
  • decrease = decrease in cellulose
26
Q

what is van soest more relative to

A

high fiber feeds

27
Q

non fiber carbohydrate

A
  • from van soest
    NFC= 100-(NDF+CP+CFat+Ash)
  • highly digestible carbs
28
Q

near infrared analysis (NIR)

A
  • sample dried & ground
  • expose sample to Near Infrared Light Source
  • reflect infrared radiation measured
  • each organic component absorb and reflect near infrared differently
29
Q

benefits of NIR

A
  • extremely detailed
  • potential to provide instantaneous results
30
Q

NIR challenges

A
  • has to be calibrated based on wet chemistry
  • very costly
  • not recognized as an official analysis
31
Q

specialized methods of feed analysis

A
  • bomb calorimetry
  • amino acid analysis (chromatography)
  • gas-liquid chromatography (fatty acids)
  • dumas combustion method (non metallic elements)
32
Q

biological methods of feed analysis

A

test what is actually happening in animal
- in-situ
- digestibility trials
- passage rate trials

33
Q

what procedure is also considered Kjeldahl Procedure and why?

A

Crude Protein because it measures the nitrogen in material
- Kjeldahl procedure also was a method for measuring nitrogen

Nutrition (29 decks)

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