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Nutrition > Lecture 5 Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are ways to describe a hormone

A
  1. composition
  2. source
  3. stimulus
  4. target
  5. action
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2
Q

what is a hormone

A

substance secreted from ductless gland from source to target tissue

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3
Q

when you eat something, what will most likely be produced

A

gastrin

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4
Q

gastrin

A
  1. composition: polypeptide
  2. source: gastric mucosa
  3. stimuli: stomach distention, dietary proteins, fats, carbs, alcohol and caffeine, vagus nerve
  4. target: gastric glands
  5. action: secretion of HCl and pepsin
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5
Q

gastric mucosa

A

stomach lining

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6
Q

stomach distention

A

causes stretching
- when you eat something

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7
Q

what causes the most stimulation of gastrin

A

dietary proteins

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8
Q

what is vagus nerve stimulation

A
  • stimulated when you eat
  • most closely interacted nerve of gastro intestinal system
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9
Q

what inhibits gastrin production

A

acid feedback
- negative feedback system
- HCl raises because gastrin stimulates it
- negative feedback regulates this action so don’t burn hole in stomach

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10
Q

pepsin

A

breaks down peptide bonds

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11
Q

vagus nerve and gastrin relationship

A
  • parallel pathways
  • vagus nerve stimulates HCl and pepsin
  • vagus nerve turns on gastrin
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12
Q

what is the difference between vagus stimulation and gastrin production

A

vagus stimulation is short term (immediate) and gastrin production is long term

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13
Q

secretin

A
  1. composition: polypeptide
  2. source: SI mucosa
  3. stimuli: presence in SI of Hcl, polypeptides of dietary origin
  4. target: pancreas
  5. action: secretion of water and bicarbonate (pancreatic and bile)
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14
Q

what does the action of secretin do

A
  • secretion of water
  • secretion of bicarbonate
  • neutralizes gastric acid
  • adds liquid to lumen
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15
Q

CCK

A

cholecystokinin

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16
Q

what is another name for cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

pancreozymin

17
Q

CCK

A
  1. composition: polypeptide
  2. source: SI mucosa and brain
  3. stimulus: presence in SI of peptides and fats
  4. target: several organs and tissues
  5. multiple actions (another slide for this)
18
Q

SI mucosa

A

small intestine lining

19
Q

action of CCK

A
  • empties gall bladder
  • stimulates synthesis of pancreatic enzymes
  • inhibits HCL
  • delays gastric emptying
  • regulates blood glucose
  • produces satiety
20
Q

how does CCK empty the gall bladder

A

contracts gall bladder and pancreas
- bile helps break down

21
Q

why would CCK be beneficial in slowing gastric emptying

A
  • slows down food briefly
  • want to give time for enzymes to work
22
Q

how is the regulation of blood glucose from CCK helpful

A

enhances insulin release

23
Q

what does producing satiety do

A

provides feeling of being full/not hungry

24
Q

why do dietary fats and fiber delay gastric emptying

A
  • these usually take longer to digest
  • allows for more time to for digestion in SI
  • effect of this may be medicated by CCK
25
Q

what is the meaning of GIP

A

gastric inhibitory polypeptide

26
Q

GIP

A
  1. composition: polypeptide
  2. source: duodenum (small intestine)
  3. stimulus: presence in SI of fats, glucose, and bile
  4. target: stomach
  5. action: HCl production and gastric mobility
27
Q

what do fats do

A

stimulate release of fats

28
Q

what is the main action of GIP

A

HCl production

29
Q

motilin

A
  1. composition: polypeptide
  2. source: duodenum and jejunum (small intestine)
  3. stimulus: will vary (on other cards)
  4. target: entire GIT
  5. action: housekeeping during fasting (90-100 minutes) and stimulates gastric motor activity
30
Q

what are the stimulus of motilin

A
  • nerve stimulus
  • species differences between meal stimulus (fats and proteins)
31
Q

how does motilin perform “housekeeping”

A
  • pattern
  • sweeping/moving food through intestinal track so it doesn’t just sit
  • cause contractions of intestine
32
Q

somatostatin

A
  • master controller
  • secreted at end
    1. composition: polypeptide
    2. source: abomasal antrum, duodenum, nerve cells in GIT
    3. stimulus: vagal stimulation
    4. target: pancreas
    5. action: turn off all other GIT hormones
33
Q

what are some of the actions of somatostatin

A

turn of all other GIT hormones by inhibiting the following:
- acid production
- gastrin
- secretion
- CCK
- GIP
- motilin
- ion transport in intestines

Nutrition (29 decks)

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