Lecture 8 Part 1 Flashcards
lipids
- organic compound that contains more C and H in proportion to O
- insoluble in water
- soluble in organic solvents
- source of essential FA
- concentrated form of energy
- necessary for fat soluble vitamins
what are the fat soluble vitamins
A
D
K
E
how much more energy do lipids have than CHO
2.5x
why do lipids have so much more energy
because of structure
- high ratio of C and H to O
what types of bonds are the main sources of energy for lipids
carbon-carbon
carbon-hydrogen
what are the three types of lipids
- simple: esters of fatty acids with alcohol
- compound: simple lipid + non-lipid component
- sterols: lipids wit complex ring structure
simple lipids
- fats and oils= esters of FA + glycerol
- waxes= esters of FA + glycerol
compound lipids
- glycolipids= cellular markers
- phospholipid= cell membranes
- lipoprotein: key to transporting lipids via the blood
sterols
hormones like cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone
cholesterol
precursor to development of other hormones
what are fats and oils considered
triglycerides
what determines physical properties of lipids
chain length
degree of saturation
TG
triglyceride
TG of C10:0 or longer =
solid at room temp
TG of less than C10=
liquid at room temp
why do dietary fats contain more than 10 different fatty acids
because usually more complex
fats
- solid at room temp
- animal sources
- more saturated FA
oil
- liquid at room temp
- plant sources
- more unsaturated FA
what are the exceptions to saturated and unsaturated
- margin: plant source but solid
- coconut oil: plant source but solid
saturated (SFA)
- carbon linked to carbon via single bond
- each carbon in fatty acid chain saturated with hydrogen
what is the structure of saturated fatty acids
stack tightly together, line up in straight chains, and are solid at room temp
unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)
- at least one double bond between two carbons in chain
- not saturated with hydrogen
what do the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids create
bends in the FA chain which creates pockets of airspace between FA
what are the saturated fatty acids
myristic= 14:0
palmitic= 16:0
stearic= 18:0
what are the unsaturated fatty acids
oleic= 18:1
what are the polyunsaturated fatty acids
linoleic= 18:2
linolenic= 18:3
arachidonic= 20:4
what is the 1st and 2nd number in chemical shorthand
1st number= # carbon
2nd number= # double bonds
PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
- greater than 1 double bonds
EFA
dietary essential fatty acid that must be consumed via diet
- Maintenace of skin integrity in non-ruminants
what are the 2 EFA’s
linoleic
linolenic
what are the 4 physiological functions of TG
- cellular energy
- serve as carrier for fat soluble vitamins
- source of dietary essential fatty acids
- insulation and protection
cellular energy
- CHO primary source of dietary energy for livestock
- surplus CHO into body–> animal stores extra energy as adipose tissue
carrier for fat soluble vitamins
absorbed along with fats from small intestine
what does removing fat in diet do
limit bodies ability to absorb fat soluble vitamins
why are EFA’s needed
- animals cannot make 2 fatty acids from precursors
- healthy cell membranes
- making various hormone like compounds
why is insulation and protection needed
- protects from cold temps as energy reserve and insulation)
- cushions and protects internal organs
