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Nutrition > Lecture 4 part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

digestion

A

preparation of food for absorption

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2
Q

absorption

A

passage of small molecules from GI tract into blood or lymph systems

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3
Q

what makes up digestion

A

mastication- physical chewing
enzymatic- breaking bonds
chemical- stomach acid
microbial

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4
Q

what is the function of the Gi tract

A

-preparation of food for absorption
- storage of food
- environment for microbial growth
- location where nutrients absorbed

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5
Q

how long is food stored or takes to digest in nonruminants

A

24-48 hours

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6
Q

how long is food stored or takes to digest in ruminants

A

80-100 hours
- much longer because of foods they eat

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7
Q

dysbiosis

A

wrong community of microbes
- harmful

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8
Q

what are animals classified by diet

A

based on foods consumed or type of diet

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9
Q

herbivore

A
  • consume plants
  • incisors for biting off grass
  • molars and premolars for grinding
  • most have digestion start in mouth
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10
Q

carnivore

A
  • consume animal tissue
  • food easier to digest
  • teeth for tearing (sharp canines)
  • up and down jaw movement
  • no digestion in mouth
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11
Q

omnivore

A
  • consume combination of animal and plant tissue
  • incisor adapted for biting off small amounts
  • molars for grinding
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12
Q

what type of classification based on anatomy is most efficient in digesting fibers

A

foregut fermenters

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13
Q

foregut fermenters and ruminants

A
  • variation of 4 chambers
  • fermentation happening before true stomach
  • feeding microbes first
  • most breakdown happening before site of absorption
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14
Q

true non-ruminants

A
  • simple stomach (monogastric)
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15
Q

what are the classifications based on anatomy

A
  • ruminants and foregut fermenters
  • true non-ruminants
  • hindgut fermenters
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16
Q

hindgut fermenters

A
  • behind the gut
  • normal and simple stomach
  • larger cecum
  • use of microbes different
  • lot of absorption in large intestine
17
Q

examples of hindgut fermenters

A
  • horses
  • rabbits
  • elephant
18
Q

non ruminant examples

A

pigs
poultry
dogs
humans

19
Q

non ruminant digestion

A
  • monogastric
  • single compartment
  • utilize fibrous feeds poorly
20
Q

swine teeth

A
  • prehension
  • mastication
21
Q

swine tongue

A
  • prehension
  • mastication and mixing
  • taste
22
Q

swine salivary glands

A
  • 3 paired glands (6 total) that secrete saliva
  • saliva contains bicarbonate (buffer), salts, SALIVARY AMYLAS (breaks down starch)
23
Q

swine esophagus

A
  • hollow, muscular tube that transports ingesta from mouth to stomach
  • peristaltic contractions that push food down
24
Q

swine stomach

A
  • simple
  • stores ingested feed
  • muscular movements (physical breakdown)
  • secretes gastric juices
  • 4 regions
25
Q

what are the 4 regions in a pig’s stomach

A
  1. esophageal
  2. cardiac
  3. fundic gland
  4. pyloric gland
26
Q

esophageal region

A

nonglandular
- doesn’t secrete anything

27
Q

cardiac region

A

cells produce mucin

28
Q

funic gland region

A
  • active region of stomach
  • parietal cells (HCl)
  • chief cells (enzymes or enzyme precursors)
29
Q

pyloric gland region

A
  • mucin and some proteolytic enzymes
  • becomes mucus to protect
  • located at based where it attaches to stomach
30
Q

what are the parts of the swine small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
    walls lined with villi
31
Q

Duodenum

A

active site of digestion
- closest to stomach
- enzymatic digestion

32
Q

Jejunum

A

active in nutrient absorption
- main site of absorption

33
Q

Ileum

A

active in nutrient absorption

34
Q

villi

A

have own capillary network and lymph system
- provide more surface area

35
Q

enterocyte

A

absorptive cell of the SI
- digestive cell

36
Q

swine large intestine

A
  • cecum
  • colon
  • rectum
37
Q

cecum

A

little significance in pig
- any fermentation happens here

38
Q

colon

A

largest portion of large intestine
- up take of minerals and water

39
Q

function of large intestine

A
  • site of water reabsorption
  • secretion of some minerals
  • storage reservoir of undigested material
  • bacterial fermentation
  • limited absorption of nutrients

Nutrition (25 decks)

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