Lecture 7- The Liver

Question 1

liver responsible for

Answer 1

metabolism (catabolism and anabolism) storage of nutrients - glycogen - lipoprotein - TAG detoxification (CP450 enzymes) bile production

Question 2

bile

Answer 2

• neutralises stomach acid - emulsifies fats to be absorbed

Question 3

livers bloody supply (2)

Answer 3

the hepatic portal vein the hepatic artery

Question 4

the hepatic portal vein

Answer 4

supplies the liver with nutrient rich blood (comes from the intestines)

Question 5

the hepatic artery

Answer 5

arterial blood that supplies oxygen rich RBC - from the lungs

Question 6

which vessel carries blood out of the liver

Answer 6

the hepatic vein

Question 7

the hepatic vein is the

Answer 7

exact opposite to the portal vein and artery - oxygen and nutrient deficient

Question 8

the hepatic vein goes to the

Answer 8

heart and lungs to be reoxyeenared and pumped back around the body

Question 9

bile leaves the liver via the

Answer 9

common hepatic duct

Question 10

which vessels make up the portal triad

Answer 10

• portal vein - proper hepatic artery - common hepatic duct (bile)

Question 11

the liver is split up into units called

Answer 11

hepatic lobules

Question 12

hepatic lobules

Answer 12

• 6 units of the portal triad surrounding hepatocytes

Question 13

having numerous portal triads surrounding hepatocytes

Answer 13

is a way of getting nutrient rich blood to the hepocytes- so they can extract the nutrients and oxygen, for metabolism or storage of molecules

• delivered via sinusoids

Question 14

sinusoids

Answer 14

are low pressure vascular channels that receive blood from terminal branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein at the periphery of lobules and deliver it into central veins. Sinusoids are lined with endothelial cells and flanked by plates of hepatocytes.

Question 15

once the hepatocytes have taken nutrients and oxygen

Answer 15

the sinusoids drain blood into the portal vein, at the very centre of the lobule (central vein)

Question 16

sinudoidal endothelial cells are highly

Answer 16

fenestrated, allowing virtually unimpeded flow of palsa from sinusoidal blood into the space of diss

• Hepatocytes are bathed in plasma derived in large part from venous blood returning from the small intestine. Following meals, that plasma is nutrient-rich.
• Plasma which collects in the space of Disse flows back toward the portal tracts, collecting in lymphatic vessels and forming a large fraction of the body’s lymph.

Question 17

sinusoids are populated by

Answer 17

kupffer cells

satellite cells

heptocytes

Question 18

how many acniuc make up a lobule

Answer 18

6-8

Question 19

protal triad made up of

Answer 19

the bile duct

portal vein

portal artery

Question 20

kupffer cells

Answer 20

Specialised macrophages that patrol the sinusoids, recycling old RBCs and ingesting pathogens

Question 21

stellate cells also known as

Answer 21

Ito cells

Question 22

stellate cells

Answer 22

store vitamin A

during liver cirrhosis, hepatic stellate cells lose their ability to store vitA and differentiate into myofibroblasts

• these synthesise and deposit collagen within the perisinusoidal space - liver fibrosis

Question 23

hepatocytes constuitute

Answer 23

80% of liver cell population

• remarkable regernative ability

Question 24

compared to other cells hepatocytes contain numerous

Answer 24

• mitochondria
• peroxisomes
• numerous free ribosomes
• RER
• SER
• golgi
• glycogen deposits