L22- Organisation of the CNS, PNS and ANS

Question 1

central nervous system made up of

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system made up of

Answer 2

Somatic and Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

somatic

Answer 3

skeletal movement - voluntary - conscious perception

Question 4

autonomic

Answer 4

autonomous - sympathetic - parasympathetic - enteric

Question 5

sympathetic NS

Answer 5

 Flight or fight response  Either on or off

Question 6

why called sympathetic

Answer 6

All body parts become activated in sympathy with each other - ganglions synapse in sympathetic chain, also called the paravertebral ganglia

Question 7

parasympathetic NS

Answer 7

 Rests and digest

Question 8

how does parasympathetic work differently to the sympathetic NS

Answer 8

 Much more focussed- modulates discrete body systems- very fine tuned - ganglions synapse in specific tissue

Question 9

enteric NS

Answer 9

intrinsic nervous system within the gut - contains a huge number or neurones - most of the serotonin in your body made in the gut

Question 10

major function of enteric system

Answer 10

move food from mouth to anus

Question 11

spinal cord split into how many segments and how many nerves

Answer 11

31 segments 31 nerves

Question 12

connected to each spinal cord segment

Answer 12

• Ventral root- motor (if damaged just motor problems) • Dorsal root- sensory (if damaged just sensory problems) Come together to form a spinal nerve - both sensory and motor

Question 13

segments of the spinal cord

Answer 13

cranial cervical throacic lumbar sacral coccygeal

Question 14

cervical

Answer 14

C1-8

Question 15

thoracic

Answer 15

T1-12

Question 16

lumbar

Answer 16

L1-5

Question 17

sacral

Answer 17

S1-5

Question 18

coccygeal

Answer 18

fused- C1

Question 19

white and grey matter in the spinal cord

Answer 19

grey matter- central part white matter- outside

Question 20

white and grey matter in the brain

Answer 20

grey matter- on outside white matter- on inside

Question 21

spinal cord cannot

Answer 21

regnerate

Question 22

sensory input —>

Answer 22

processing

Question 23

processing –>

Answer 23

motor output

Question 24

draw:

sensory input –> processing –> motor output in the spinal cord

Answer 24

Question 25

dorsal root contains

Answer 25

sensory neurone - if damaged just sensory problems

Question 26

ventral root contains

Answer 26

motor neurone if damage jus tmotor problems

Question 27

how is the ANS motor systme different to the somatic nervous system

Answer 27

it has a chain of two neurones between the CNS and the target organ 1) preganglionic 2) postganglionic

Question 28

synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic neurone called

Answer 28

autonomic ganglion

Question 29

NT of autonomic glanglion

Answer 29

ACh

Question 30

preganglionic neurone cells bodies found in the

Answer 30

CNS

Question 31

postganglionic neuroen cell body is found in

Answer 31

autonomic ganglion

Question 32

sympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurone length

Answer 32

short preganglionic long post ganglionic

Question 33

parasympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurone length

Answer 33

long pre short post

Question 35

where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurone cell bodie sfound in the CNS

Answer 35

lateral horn in T1 -L2 cofrd segments

Question 36

where are the parasympathetic preganglionic neurone cell bodie found in the CNS

Answer 36

located in the brainstem and in the sacral (S2-4)

Question 37

myelination always on

Answer 37

short preganlionic axon and not post ganglionic

Question 38

sympathetic chain is the same as the

Answer 38

paravertebral ganglia

Question 39

paravertebral ganglia/ sympasthetic chain

Answer 39

where all symparthetic ganglia are found --\> mean that symapthetic innvervation is a much more systemic response than parasympathetic innevration (where ganglions are found in specific tissues)

Question 41

long parasympatheti preganglionic axon

Answer 41

project almost all the way to the target tissue

Question 42

short parasympathetic pstganglionic axon

Answer 42

cell body for the post ganglionic axon is in the wall of the organ its targeting e.g. the bladder wall Makes it much more discrete

Question 43

draw a diagram showing how a motro neurone causes a response in target tissue

Answer 43

Question 44

The sympathetic nervous system: Distribution to skin

Answer 44

Sympathetic preganglionic arising in the T1- L2 cord segments supply the skin via one of the following 3 routes

Question 45

outline the 3 routes that sympathetic preganglionic neurones arising in the T1-L2 segments supply the skin

Answer 45

1. **Synapse at the level of entry** * To supply dermatomes at the T1-L2 level * Postganglionic get to their targets through the T1-L2 spinal nerves 2. **Ascend the chain then synapse** * Typically supply the head and neck * Postganglionic get to their targets along the walls of blood vessels 3. **Descend the chain** * Typically supply the lower limbs * Postganglionic get to their targets through the spinal nerves at levels L3 and below

Question 46

The sympathetic nervous system: Distribution to abdominal viscera

Answer 46

* Sympathetic preganglionic can also traverse the chain then synapse in a pre-aortic ganglion (to supply abdominal viscera) * Post ganglionic get to their targets along blood vessels * Sensory fibres also travel along sympathetic destined for the abdomen and relay pain back from viscera back to the CNS

Question 47

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurones typically synapse in ganglia that sit

Answer 47

close to their target organ

Question 48

major source of parasympathetic preganglionic input to the thoracic and abdominal viscera is

Answer 48

the vagus nerve

Question 49

The head of the vagus nerve has 4 spedcilaiased parasymapthetic ganglia

Answer 49

Ciliary ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Question 50

Ciliary ganglion

Answer 50

receives parasympathetic preganglionic from the oculomotor nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionic to they eyes

Question 51

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 51

receives parasympathetic preganglionic from the facial nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionic to the lacrimal gland

Question 52

Submandibular ganglion:

Answer 52

receives parasympathetic preganglionic from the facial nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionic to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 53

Otic ganglion:

Answer 53

receives parasympathetic preganglionic from the glossopharyngeal nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionic to the parotid gland