Anatomical Terms of Location Flashcards
a plane
a 2D slice through a 3D space
how many planes commonly used
3
name 3 planes
sagittal, coronal, transverse
sagittal plane
vertical line which divides the body into a left and right section
coronal plane
vertical line which divides body into front and back
transverse plane
horizontal body which dives body into upper and lower section
upper section
superior
lower section
inferior
front section
anterior
back section
posterior
medial
towards the midline e.g. where sagittal plane halves the body e.g. nose is medial to the ears
lateral
away from the midline e.g. eye is lateral to the nose
superior
upper
inferior
lower
posterior
back section
anterior
front section
ventral means the same as
anterior
dorsal means same as
posterior
ventral means the same as
anterior
another word for posterior
dorsal (back)
another word for anterior
ventral (front)
proximal
closer to its origin
distal
further away from origin
another word for superior
cranial
another word for inferior
caudal
unilateral
refers to one side
bilateral
refers to both side e.g. bilateral amputee
unilateral
refers to one side - unilateral amputation above knee= one knee
contralateral
refers to the opposite side E.g. a stroke affecting the right side of the brain may lead to contralateral paralysis of the left arm and left leg
ipsilateral
refers to the same side of the body E.g. A tumour in the left lung will often metastasise to the ipsilateral lymph node on the patient’s body
5 different segments of the body
- The head (skull)
- The neck (cervical vertebrae)
- The trunk (thorax and abdomen)
- Lower extremity (thicgh, leg, foot)
- Upper extremity (arm, forearm and hand)
regions of the body
head
neck
thorax
back
abdomen
pelvis
lower limb
upper limb
the lower limb is seperated into
thigh
knee
thin shin= the leg
with the upper limb, the humerus down is the
arm
which techniques use the transverse plane
CT
MRI
if a structure sits further to the left of the mid sagittal plane
it sits lateral to the midline
if a structure sit further forward than the mid coronal plane
it it anterior to the mid coronal plane
if a structure sits above the mid transverse plane
superior
if a structure sits below the mid transverse plane
inferior
the shoulder is ….. to the heart
superolateral
position in the embryo is
different
embryo is
flex upe and curved
- Cranial- towards the head
- Cordal- towards the tale
superifical
closer to the surface e.g. the skin
deep
closer to the bone
intermediate
in the middle
- e.g. conenctive tissue
proximal
close to the point of attachment
distal
far awat from the point of attachment
top of hand
dorsal surface
face of hand
palmar surface
sole of the foot
plantar
top of the foot
dorsal
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