Lecture 7- Exocrine glands

Question 1

exocrine glands produces and secrete

Answer 1

serous and mucous substances via a duct onto an epithelial surface

Question 2

which surfaces do exocrine glands secrete onto

Answer 2

• Surface of the body (e.g. sweat glands, sebaceous glands)

- The lumen of the digestive tract (e.g. digestive glands)

Question 3

Structure of the exocrine gland

Answer 3

Composed of a cluster of secretory cell which collectively form an acinus.

Question 4

acini cells are surrounded by

Answer 4

basement membrane and held together by tight junctions between secretory cells

Question 5

secretory cells possess a highly developed

Answer 5

ER and golgi network for material secretion and are rich in mitochondria

Question 6

exocrine products are released via

Answer 6

secretory vesicles into a duct - which connects to an epithelial surface

Question 7

ducts may arise to an epithelial surface- these may arise from convergence of

Answer 7

smaller ductules (all connected to acinus) in order to enhance secretion

Question 8

example of exocrine glands

Answer 8

1. Pancreas
2. Parotid
3. Salivary
4. Submandibular
5. Liver

Question 9

exocrine function found within

Answer 9

acinar cells

Question 10

what does the acinar cells produce

Answer 10

• Trypsinogen (converted to trypsin)
• Chrymotrysingoen (chymotrypsin)
• Lipase
• Amylase

Question 11

endocrine gland

Answer 11

cells that release hormones directly into the blood stream

Question 12

name the 3 salivary glands

Answer 12

parotid
submandibular
sublingual glands

Question 13

parotid glands secrete

Answer 13

almost totally serous secretions

Question 14

submandibular gland secretes

Answer 14

mostly serous and some mucous

Question 15

sublingual gland secretes

Answer 15

almost completely mucous

Question 16

mucous secreting cells are in small numbers in

Answer 16

parotid glands

Question 17

where are parotid glands found

Answer 17

in the cheeks

Question 18

how much saliva do parotid glands produce

Answer 18

1.6l - 20%

Question 19

which enzymes do parotid glands secrete

Answer 19

amylase enzymes

Question 20

submandibular glands are. located

Answer 20

beneath the lower jaw, outside oral cavity

Question 21

how much saliva do submandibulr glands produce

Answer 21

70%

Question 22

saliva produced by the submandibular gland is more ……. than the parotid

Answer 22

viscous (more mucous)

Question 23

sublingual gland located

Answer 23

under the tongue

Question 24

how much saliva produced by the sublingual gland

Answer 24

5%

Question 25

sublingual saliva

Answer 25

most viscous due to mucous

Question 26

structure of parotid gland

Answer 26

- Striated ducts within the parotid gland have large lumen - Serous acinus drains substances into striated duct - Basal lamina is invaginated which forms the striations, therefore the nucelli aren’t on the basal lamina- means serous material can get into ducts quickly

Question 27

parotitis

Answer 27

gland can be blocked e.g. if the secretion dries up the electrolytes like calcium can produce stones (colliculi).  Swelling and pain  Treatment- you have to get rid of the stones of treat the cause of the pain

Question 28

as you get olde the amount of ..... in the parotid increases, decreasing the amount of .... produced

Answer 28

- adipose | - saliva

Question 29

submandibular tissue

Answer 29

mostly serous, more mucous than parotid

Question 30

structure of submandibular gland

Answer 30

- In two parts: superficial and deep (separated by mylohyoid muscle) o Superficial- mucus acini/cells o Deep- serous acini. - This gland has its own duct which passes up and joins with the sublingual gland and has its outlet under the tongue. - The duct is the Wharton’s duct.

Question 31

salivary gland stimulus

Answer 31

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic ANS supply salivary glands and increase salivary secretions. - NOT controlled by hormones - other parts of the digestive system are controlled by both

Question 32

Parasympathetic

Answer 32

large volumes of watery saliva rich in enzymes

Question 33

Sympathetic

Answer 33

produces a small, thick secretion of saliva, rich in mucus

Question 34

what is the largest exocrine organ

Answer 34

the liver

Question 35

where is the liver fgound

Answer 35

right side of the body

Question 36

gross structure of the liver

Answer 36

- 2 anterior lobes- right and left

Question 37

left lobe of the liver fact

Answer 37

can take 2/3 away and donate- liver has regenerative quality (within a year)

Question 38

function of the liver

Answer 38

``` Catabolism anabolism storage of nutrients detoxification Bile production ```

Question 39

which vessels supply the liver with blood

Answer 39

hepatic portal vein hepatic artery

Question 40

hepatic portal vein

Answer 40

from the intestinal tract - Supplies the liver with nutrient rich blood from the food absorbed in the intestines - Low oxygen content - 70% of blood entering the liver

Question 41

hepatic artery

Answer 41

- Supplies oxygen rich blood - Nutrient poor - 25% of blood entering the liver

Question 42

which vessel carries the blood away from the liver

Answer 42

The hepatic vein

Question 43

the hepatic vein

Answer 43

- Takes nutrient and oxygen poor blood | - Circulates back to the heart and intestines to receive oxygen and nutrients