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Body logistics > L15- Cartilage > Flashcards

L15- Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

The Mesengenic Process

A

genesis of mesodermal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, marrow stoma, tendon, fat, dermis, and connective tissues, in either embryos or adult organisms§

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2
Q

mesencyhmals stem cells give rise to

A

many structures e.g. bone cartilage muscle marrow adipose

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3
Q

which cell forms cartilage

A

chrondrocytes

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4
Q

types of cartilage (3)

A

hyaline elastic fibrocarilage

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5
Q

hyaline cartilage is made out of which collagen

A

type 2 collagen

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6
Q

hyaline cartilage is

A

dense containing fluid

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7
Q

which GAG aggregates in hyaline cartilage

A

o Hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates are bound to the fine collagen matrix fibres

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8
Q

elastic cartilage found

A

o Tough but flexible tissue

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9
Q

what forms the basic of elastic cartilage

A

o Elastic fibres and elastic lamellae (layers)

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10
Q

fibrocartilage (fibrous) contains which type of collagen

A

type 1 and 2

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11
Q

all types of cartilage haver matrixes containing

A

proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid.

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12
Q

where is articular cartilage found

A

between bones

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13
Q

chrondrocytes

A

a cell which has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it.

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14
Q

Proteoglycan structure in cartilage ground substance

A
  • Similar to other connective tissue - 100 hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates per collagen fibril (only 10 in loose connective tissue) - Makes very stiff gel-like substance
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15
Q

where are chondrocytes found

A

lying in lacunas (dips)

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16
Q

what do chrondrocytes do

A

lay down ECM within cell as vesicle - Fibres and GAGs/ hyaluronic acid secreted into spaces between chondrocytes- tissue expansion

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17
Q

during hypertrophy of a chondrocyte the cell grows and grows until it

A

bursts and releases ECM into the rest of the ECM

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18
Q

what can chondrocytes not do

A

multiply

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19
Q

cell type in hyaline cartilage

A

chrondrocytes only when mature - Chondrocytes present singly or in small clusters called isogenous groups (equal origin) - Chondrocytes within isogenous groups separate as they lay down ECM

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20
Q

isogenous groups

A

Chondrocytes present singly or in small clusters

21
Q

hyaline and fetal development

A

hyaline cartilage is the precursor model of those bones that develop by endochondral ossification

22
Q

as bone develops hyaline caritlage

A

remains are articular surgaves (between bones) and at the epiphyseal plate

23
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found

A
  • Knees - Hips - Larynx and trachea - Costal cartilage - Articular tissues of joints e.g. knees
24
Q

Articular tissues of joints

A

o Ankle o Knees o Should o Wrist o elbow

25
Q

what assicts resileince to repeated appliction of pressure in hyaline cartilage

A

hyaluronic acid- - Matrix is solid and firm but also pliable

26
Q

are blood vessels found in hyaline cartilage matrix

A

no- simple diffusion

27
Q

how can hyaline cartilage grow (2)

A

apposition growth interstitial growth

28
Q

perichondrium covers the

A

margins of hyaline cartilage

29
Q

appositional grrwth

A

growths from the periphery

30
Q

interstitial growths

A

growth from the centre

31
Q

perichondrium is what sort of connective tissue

A

dense connective tissue

32
Q

outline appositional growth

A

Grows from the perichondrium (margin of the cartilage) - Grows from precursor cells in to chondroblasts o Chondroblasts grow and grow away from the edge- appositional growth (growth from the periphery)

33
Q

chondrocytes produce and maintain their own

A

extracellular matrix

34
Q

Hyaline Example:

A

the tracheal wall - Hyaline cartilage forms C shape tracheal cartilages - Cartilage tube reinforces trachea and helps to protect and maintain the airway - Lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelial

35
Q

do chondrocytes proliferate ina dults

A

no- damage is irreversible e.g. rheumatoid arthriitis

36
Q

cell type in elastic cartilage

A

only chondrocytes in mature elastic cartilage. Also contains elastic fibres.

37
Q

where is elastic cartilage found

A

1) Pinna of the ear 2) Eustachian tube 3) The Epiglottis has great resiliance ot rebound

38
Q

elastic cartilage grows via

A

appositional growth

39
Q

cartilage can also be produced via

A

Interstitial growth - chondrocytes grow and divide and lay down more matrix inside the existing cartilage.

40
Q

when does interstitial growth occur

A

This mainly happens during childhood and adolescence.

41
Q

in elastic cartilage staining

A

lots of dark staining due to abundance fo elastic fibres lying in the ECM

42
Q

cartilage hisotlogy

A

will look like empty cells the elastic cartilage cells (chondrocytes) do not exist- big holes where cells used to be - Cells have already laid down all fibroelastic cartilage- therefor it apoptosis

43
Q

elastic cartilage in the ear is produced via which form of growth

A

interstitial

44
Q

cells in fibrocartilage

A

Chondrocytes and fibroblasts - A combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage - Cells distributed in rows (like tendons)

45
Q

in fibrocartilage there is no

A
  • No surrounding perichondrium
46
Q

where is fibrocartilage found

A
  • Intervertebral disc- discs between the spine o Impact - Articular dics of the sternoclavicular and temporomandibula joints - The menisci of the knee joints - Pubic symphysis
47
Q

role of fibrocartilage

A

Has the resilience to act as a shock absorber and to resist shearing forces

48
Q

in a histology stain of fibrocartilage

A

lots of collagen fibres

  • Rounded chondrocytes are arranged in rows or as isogenous groups - Relatedly small number of elongated fibroblast

– red arrows point to elongated fibroblast nuclei

49
Q

chondrocyte will nuclei are

A

still alive and producing ECM, waiting to burst to lay down more ECM

Body logistics (39 decks)

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