Lecture 6: Achievement Motivation in Sport/Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What is achievement motivation popularly called in sport?

A

Competitiveness

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2
Q

What is an achievement situation?

A

A measurable performance for which the individual is responsible, which can and will be evaluated in terms of a standard of excellence (by self or others), where there is uncertainty in outcome (success/failure)

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3
Q

What are the 3 measures of achievement motivation?

A
  1. Direction
  2. Intensity
  3. Persistence
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4
Q

What is direction?

A

Motives, goals, goal orientations

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5
Q

What is intensity?

A

Arousal/activation levels

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6
Q

What is persistence?

A

Direction + intensity over-time

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7
Q

Why should achievement motivation be studied?

A

(1) Individual differences in achievement motivation affect participation and performance in sport/exercise.
(2) Achievement motivation is the basis of competitive (e.g., influences stress & anxiety)

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8
Q

What are attributions?

A

Attributions are the reasons that individuals give for their success or failure. What people attribute their performance to is the perceived cause of their performance. These attributions affect motivation.

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9
Q

What we attribute our success or failure tells us…

A

A lot about what was trying to be achieved in the first time.

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10
Q

What are the three categories of ‘attributions’?

A

(i) Stability
(ii) Causality
(iii) Control

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11
Q

What is stability?

A

Can be fairly permanent or unstable

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12
Q

What is causality?

A

Can be an internal or external factor

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13
Q

What is control?

A

A factor that is either under or not under our control

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14
Q

How do attributions affect achievement behaviour?

A

(i) Influence future performance & achievement behaviour; i.e., future motivation for an activity.
(ii) Attributions can influence emotions (e.g. state anxiety).
(iii) High and low achievers have different attributional patterns which account for differences in achievement behaviour.

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15
Q

Attributions are looking…

A

Back

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16
Q

Achievement goal theory is looking…

A

Forward

17
Q

What is Achievement Goal Theory?

A

Multidimensional Achievement Motives
- individuals’ motivation and performance in achievement settings are influenced by their goal orientation

18
Q

Goal orientations are different…

A

Personal definitions of success

19
Q

What are the three different goal orientations?

A

(i) Task Orientation
(ii) Ego Orientation
(iii) Social Approval Orientation

20
Q

What is task orientation?

A

PROCESS
- Focus on task/skill mastery
- Self focus
- Don’t focus solely on winning, focus on how to win

21
Q

What is ego orientation?

A

PRODUCT
- Focus on social comparison and competition; ego
- Other focus
- Focus on being superior to others
- Can cause large stress and anxiety

22
Q

What is social approval orientation?

A

PRAISE
- Focus on demonstrating effort, gaining approval and praise from significant others
- Other focus
- A pat on the back from someone that we respect

23
Q

Each individual has multiple…

A

Goal orientations; they are dynamic, not either or

24
Q

What represents an individuals definition of success?

A

The combination of their goal orientations

25
Q

We must consider achievement goal orientations in order to…

A

Understand achievement motivation

26
Q

What are the positives of task orientation?

A
  • Keep improving
  • less potential for stress and anxiety
  • more intrinsic motivation
  • Causes CONFIDENCE
27
Q

What are the negatives of task orientation?

A
  • frustration when progress is slow or difficult to measure
  • overemphasis on personal improvement
28
Q

What are the positives of ego orientation?

A
  • increased motivation to outperform others
  • strong competitive drive
  • higher performance in competitive settings
29
Q

What are the negatives of ego orientation?

A
  • increased anxiety and stress
  • reduced intrinsic motivation
  • a tendency to avoid challenging tasks for fear of failure
30
Q

What is the “best” goal orientation combination?

A

high task + moderate to high ego

31
Q

What is the equation for motivation?

A

Direction (Goals) + Intensity (Arousal & Anxiety)

32
Q

All sport is achievement-motivation but…

A

not all achievement-motivation is sport

33
Q

What does the achievement motivation diagram look like?

A

Centre = Competition/Sport
Middle = Achievement Motivation
Outside = Motivation