Lecture 5: Motivation in Sport/Exercise

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

Anything that impels a person to action

Question 2

What is action reflected in? (3)

Answer 2

1. The selection/direction of behaviour
2. The intensity of the behaviour
3. The persistence of the behaviour

Question 3

What is selection/direction of behaviour?

Answer 3

What is the sport that you chose? What do you select for yourself?

Question 4

What is the intensity of the behaviour?

Answer 4

How much effort you are putting in. How much do you really care? Not everyone wants to give 100%, some do

Question 5

What is the persistence of behaviour?

Answer 5

Motivation needs to matter to YOU: Not only need the motivation to start, need the motivation to keep going

Question 6

Motivation is a necessary but not…

Answer 6

sufficient condition for performance/participation

Question 7

What does motivation do to action?

Answer 7

Energizes, selects and directs it

Question 8

What are the different aspects of motivation? (6)

Answer 8

1. Achievement Motivation
2. Intrinsic Motivation
3. Extrinsic Motivation
4. Exercise Adherence
5. Participation Motivation
6. Drop-out in Sport

Question 9

What is achievement motivation?

Answer 9

Striving toward a standard of excellence or attempting to reach/achieve a specific goal (e.g., personal best in competition). Person will persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in goal accomplishment

Question 10

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 10

Own internal motivation

Question 11

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 11

External motivation e.g. prize, reward

Question 12

What is exercise adherence?

Answer 12

Commitment and persistence

Question 13

What is participation motivation?

Answer 13

What motivates you to participate? E.g. friends or family playing, pressure

Question 14

What is drop-out in sport?

Answer 14

May not be delivering anymore or could have had a negative experience that curbs motivation and causes quitting

Question 15

What is the person-centred model?

Answer 15

(1) People have an underlying disposition that accounts for their level of motivation.
(2) Behaviours are viewed as signs of their underlying personality traits.
- motivation comes from within, their own personality is driving them

Question 16

What is the equation for the person-centred model?

Answer 16

B = f [ P ]

Question 17

What is the situation-centred model?

Answer 17

(1) A stimulus in the environment causes a response in the person.
(2) A person has drives, motivational forces, or traits which affect behaviour.
- environment is the primary source of motivation, they don’t have it on their own and need to be given it by things like fans, captain, coaches etc.

Question 18

What is the equation for the situation-centred model?

Answer 18

B = f [ E ]

Question 19

What is the interaction model?

Answer 19

(1) Motivation is a function of the environment [E], the person [P], and the interaction between them.
(2) There is a reciprocal (mutual) interaction between the person and the situation.

Question 20

What is the equation for the interaction model?

Answer 20

B = f [ E x P]

Question 21

What are examples of Participant Motives [P]?

Answer 21

1. Motor skills - competence
2. Representative honours
3. Health (Phys + Mental)
4. Enjoyment
5. Weight

Question 22

What are some situational motivators [E]?

Answer 22

1. Weather
2. Facilities (quality)
3. Team Culture
4. Selectors/Sponsors
5. Coach or Captain

Question 23

What are the 5 guidelines to build motivation?

Answer 23

(1) People are motivated by what lies within themselves (traits), and by the situation in which they find themselves.
(2) To understand motivation, one must know why they participate.
(3) Structure situations to meet participant’s needs.
(4) Leaders influence motivation. The coach/leader is a critical part of the situation.
(5) Use behavioural modification techniques to change unhelpful motives.