Lecture 6-7- Neuron and Synapse Flashcards
Which part of the CNS regulated the autonomic nervous system?
Hypothalamus
Afferent is which system?
sensory
Efferent is which system?
Motor
Is the retina somatic or visceral?
Somatic
Branch-like extensions of the soma are….
Dendrites
The interior of an axon is more ______ charged than the surrounding environment?
Negative
In depolarization, the charge is more______ than the RMP
Positive
ESPS stands for
Excitatory post-synaptic potential
IPSP stands for
Inhibitory post-synaptic potential
IPSP stands for
Inhibitory post-synaptic potential
In an EPSP, the membrane is more positive or negative than the RMP?
positive
Inhibitory potentials are: hyperpolarizing or depolarizing?
Hyperpolarizing
Stronger sensory input results in a larger or smaller potential?
Larger
Two types of summation?
Spatial and Temporal
What happens to Na and K during depolarization?
Na channels open, Na travels into the cell
What happens to Na and K during repolarization?
Na channels close and K channels open. K diffuses out of the cell.
What two things can increase conduction speed?
Larger axon diameter and myelination
Jumping of signals between nodes of Ranvier is called…
Saltatory conduction
Two types of synapses
Chemical synapses (majority in CNS and skeletal muscle) and Electrical synapses (smooth muscle and cardiac)
What does NLJ stand for?
Neuromuscular junction
What is another name for pre-synaptic terminals?
Boutons
What are two types of postsynaptic membrane receptors and NMJ
Ion channels and Second messenger activators
What triggers NT release at the NMJ?
Ca channels open, Ca flows into the cell and initiates NT release
What ion facilitates inhibition?
Cl- entering the cell
What is a motor end plate?
Complex branching of a nerve where it innervates a muscle
What NT is used at the NMJ?
Ach
Where are junctional folds present to increase surface area for NT absorption?
On the muscle of NMJ
What does Ach bind to on muscle cells?
Nicotinic receptors
What breaks down Ach
Acetylcholinesterase
Nerve-nerve junctions and NMJ both rely on what ion for NT release?
Ca2+
Which type of junction can receive excitatory or inhibitory signals?
Nerve-nerve junctions
Which type of junction only uses Ach?
NMJ
Which type of junction most often needs summation of AP before firing?
Nerve-nerve juncitons
Exercise-induced weakness, megaesophagus, and drooling, with normal reflexes are symptoms of what disease?
Acquired Myasthenia Gravis
What physiologic change causes Acquired Myasthenia Gravis?
Destruction of Ach receptors
What disease has symptoms such as ascending weakness, complete flaccid paralysis, and normal mentation?
Tick paralysis
What physiologic change happens in tick paralysis?
Toxin binds to receptors, Ach cannot be released, Ca channels cannot open
What disease causes decreased to absent reflexes, muscle tremors, and acute tetra paresis?
Snake envenomation
Snake envenomation causes what physiologic changes?
Venom binds irreversibly to Ach receptors
Excessive salivation, excessive parasympathetic salivation, urination, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, stiff gait, muscle twitching, and weakness are all symptoms of what disease?
Organophosphate toxicity
