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Micro Physiology > Lecture 6-7- Neuron and Synapse > Flashcards

Lecture 6-7- Neuron and Synapse Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the CNS regulated the autonomic nervous system?

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Afferent is which system?

A

sensory

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3
Q

Efferent is which system?

A

Motor

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4
Q

Is the retina somatic or visceral?

A

Somatic

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5
Q

Branch-like extensions of the soma are….

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

The interior of an axon is more ______ charged than the surrounding environment?

A

Negative

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7
Q

In depolarization, the charge is more______ than the RMP

A

Positive

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8
Q

ESPS stands for

A

Excitatory post-synaptic potential

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9
Q

IPSP stands for

A

Inhibitory post-synaptic potential

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10
Q

IPSP stands for

A

Inhibitory post-synaptic potential

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11
Q

In an EPSP, the membrane is more positive or negative than the RMP?

A

positive

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12
Q

Inhibitory potentials are: hyperpolarizing or depolarizing?

A

Hyperpolarizing

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13
Q

Stronger sensory input results in a larger or smaller potential?

A

Larger

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14
Q

Two types of summation?

A

Spatial and Temporal

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15
Q

What happens to Na and K during depolarization?

A

Na channels open, Na travels into the cell

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16
Q

What happens to Na and K during repolarization?

A

Na channels close and K channels open. K diffuses out of the cell.

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17
Q

What two things can increase conduction speed?

A

Larger axon diameter and myelination

18
Q

Jumping of signals between nodes of Ranvier is called…

A

Saltatory conduction

19
Q

Two types of synapses

A

Chemical synapses (majority in CNS and skeletal muscle) and Electrical synapses (smooth muscle and cardiac)

20
Q

What does NLJ stand for?

A

Neuromuscular junction

21
Q

What is another name for pre-synaptic terminals?

A

Boutons

22
Q

What are two types of postsynaptic membrane receptors and NMJ

A

Ion channels and Second messenger activators

23
Q

What triggers NT release at the NMJ?

A

Ca channels open, Ca flows into the cell and initiates NT release

24
Q

What ion facilitates inhibition?

A

Cl- entering the cell

25
Q

What is a motor end plate?

A

Complex branching of a nerve where it innervates a muscle

26
Q

What NT is used at the NMJ?

A

Ach

27
Q

Where are junctional folds present to increase surface area for NT absorption?

A

On the muscle of NMJ

28
Q

What does Ach bind to on muscle cells?

A

Nicotinic receptors

29
Q

What breaks down Ach

A

Acetylcholinesterase

30
Q

Nerve-nerve junctions and NMJ both rely on what ion for NT release?

A

Ca2+

31
Q

Which type of junction can receive excitatory or inhibitory signals?

A

Nerve-nerve junctions

32
Q

Which type of junction only uses Ach?

A

NMJ

33
Q

Which type of junction most often needs summation of AP before firing?

A

Nerve-nerve juncitons

34
Q

Exercise-induced weakness, megaesophagus, and drooling, with normal reflexes are symptoms of what disease?

A

Acquired Myasthenia Gravis

35
Q

What physiologic change causes Acquired Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Destruction of Ach receptors

36
Q

What disease has symptoms such as ascending weakness, complete flaccid paralysis, and normal mentation?

A

Tick paralysis

37
Q

What physiologic change happens in tick paralysis?

A

Toxin binds to receptors, Ach cannot be released, Ca channels cannot open

38
Q

What disease causes decreased to absent reflexes, muscle tremors, and acute tetra paresis?

A

Snake envenomation

39
Q

Snake envenomation causes what physiologic changes?

A

Venom binds irreversibly to Ach receptors

40
Q

Excessive salivation, excessive parasympathetic salivation, urination, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, stiff gait, muscle twitching, and weakness are all symptoms of what disease?

A

Organophosphate toxicity

Micro Physiology (35 decks)

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