Lecture 23- Cardio Phys Intro

Question 1

What does hemodynamics mean?

Answer 1

Study of the movement of blood

Question 2

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

To circulate blood at rates commensurate with metabolic demand while maintaining adequate perfusion pressure and low filling pressures

Question 3

What does blood convey?

Answer 3

Nutrients
Waste
Gases
Electrolytes

Question 4

Two conditions blood circulation must meet

Answer 4

Adequate perfusion pressure to reach surrounding tissues
Low filling pressures

Question 5

How many pumps in the heart?

Answer 5

Two, pulmonary and systemic

Question 6

What will happen if a ventricle is not fully emptying after contraction?

Answer 6

Venous pressures will rise

Question 7

What is Stroke Volume?

Answer 7

The volume of blood the ventricle ejects each systole

Question 8

What is cardiac output?

Answer 8

the volume of blood that leaves a side of the heart in one minute

Question 9

What is the formula for cardiac output?

Answer 9

CO = SV x HR

Question 10

Are the cardiac outputs of the left and right sides of the heart equivalent?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What side is the Mitral valve found on?

Answer 11

The left

Question 12

What side is the tricuspid valve found on?

Answer 12

The right

Question 13

What are the great arteries?

Answer 13

The aorta and the pulmonary artery

Question 14

What valve is at the entrance to the great arteries?

Answer 14

Semilunar valves

Question 15

What chamber of the heart acts as a “volume pump” or bellows?

Answer 15

The right ventricle

Question 16

What chamber of the heart functions as a “pressure pump”?

Answer 16

Left ventricle

Question 17

Where are resistance vessels that determine the distribution of cardiac output found?

Answer 17

Arterioles

Question 18

How is blood flow to tissue controlled?

Answer 18

Changes in local resistance

Question 19

Is arterial pressure regulation independent of control of local blood flow or cardiac output?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

When does the AV valve close?

Answer 20

When the pressure in the atria is lower than the pressure in the ventricle

Question 21

What is the pressure equation?

Answer 21

Force/Area = Pressure

Question 22

Does pulmonary circulation have high or low O2?

Answer 22

Low

Question 23

What are direct and indirect ways to measure arterial pressure?

Answer 23

Direct- catheter in vessel
Indirect- Doppler cuff, oscillometric

Question 24

What is normal venous pressure usually?

Answer 24

0

Question 25

What is a sign of right heart disease

Answer 25

Visible jugular pulsation due to increased venous pressures

Question 26

What does Ohm’s law measure?

Answer 26

Resistance

Question 27

What is the equation for Ohm’s law?

Answer 27

ΔP = CO x R
Change in pressure = cardiac output x resistance

Question 28

Why are radius and viscosity important concepts in hemodynamics?

Answer 28

They can be manipulated with pharmaceuticals

Question 29

What does Poiseuille’s Law measure?

Answer 29

Resistance

Question 30

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

Answer 30

ΔP/Q = 8μL/Πr4
Change in pressure/cardiac output = 8μL/pi*radius^4

Question 31

What is vascular resistance?

Answer 31

The sum of forces that must be overcome for flow to occur

Question 32

Which is larger? Systemic vascular resistance or pulmonary vascular resistance?

Answer 32

Systemic vascular resistance

Question 33

What causes ventricular suction?

Answer 33

Relaxation of the ventricles during diastole

Question 34

Where does the largest proportion of blood volume reside?

Answer 34

In the systemic veins

Question 35

What is Laminar Flow?

Answer 35

Parabolic flow
Associated with smooth flow
Central cells are moving faster than peripheral cells

Question 36

What determines Turbulent/Disturbed flow mathematically?

Answer 36

Reynold’s number

Question 37

Increasing viscosity increases or decreases likelihood of turbulence

Answer 37

Increases????