Lecture 21-22- Supportive Tissue Flashcards
Components of cartilage
Matrix
Chondrocytes
Lacuna
Different kinds of cartilage growth
Appositional
Interstitial
Types of cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
What do chondrocytes produce?
Matrix
Clear space surrounding chondrocytes
Lacuna
Are vessels and nerves within cartilage?
No
Cartilage growth from the edges, throughout life, surrounded by perichondrium
Appositional
Examples of where appositional growth occurs
Tips of nose, ears
Where is articular cartilage found?
Ends of bones
Does articular cartilage have a perichondrium
No
Characteristics of interstitial growth
Young animals, growth from within the cartilage, contains isogenous groups
Glassy cartilage, includes articular cartilage and the fetal skeleton
Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage with large lacuna, found within the ear
Elastic cartilage
Cartilage with small lacuna, surrounded by collagen, arranged in rows, make up menisci, tendon attachments, and IV discs
Fibrocartilage
Bone cells
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
Bone matrix types
Mineral
Collagen
Microscopic bone organizations
Woven
Lamellar
Configurations of bone
Compact
Cancellous
Types of bone formation
Endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification
Where are osteoblasts found and what do they do?
Lined up on the edges of bones
Make osteoid (unmineralized bone)
Where are osteocytes found and what do they do?
Differentiated osteoblasts within the bone
What are osteoclasts and what do they do?
Large cells on the outside of bone
They remove bone
Depressions made by osteoclasts
Howship’s lacuna
Disease where there are more osteoclasts than blasts
Osteoporosis
What is vitamin A toxicity in cats
Death of osteoclasts, overgrowth of bone
Is there more calcium or phosphorus within bones?
Calcium
What is the structural matrix of bones composed of?
Collagen
Is woven or lamellar bone formed first?
Woven
What is woven bone made of
Mineralized osteoid
Is there more organized collage in woven or lamellar bone?
Lamellar bone
Concentric rings of collagen found within lamellar bone
Osteon
In the middle of an osteon
Haversian canal
What type of bone has blood vessels and nerves?
Lamellar bone
Is the middle of a long bone made of compact or cancellous bone
Cancellous
Thin filaments within cancellous bone
Trabeculae
Cancellous bone on either end of a long bone
Epiphysis
Between epiphysis and diaphysis
Metaphysis
Growth plate below epiphysis
Physis
What bone configuration is the metaphysis?
Cancellous
What is around the outside of the bone?
Periosteum
Radiolucent line allowing artery entry to a bone
Nutrient foramen
Where are hematopoietic cells found?
Marrow
What happens to the marrow of adults?
It becomes fatty
Where are osteoprogenitor cells found? (react in case of fracture)
Periosteum
Inner boney envelope within medullary cavity
Endosteum
Where do osteosarcomas usually start?
Metaphysis
Are osteosarcomas composed of osteoblasts or osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts
How are most bones in the body formed?
Endochondrial ossification
What is the order of ossification of a bone?
Diaphysis, epiphysis, then physis
Direction of bone formation
From physis towards diaphysis
Zones of bone formation (starting at physis)
Resting
Proliferating (coin stack)
Hypertrophied (Abundant clear cytoplasm)
Calcified (chondrocytes die and matrix calcifies
What repairs the epiphysis?
Baby growth plate on articular cartilage
Weakest zone
Hypertrophied
What is the worst salter-harris fracture to have?
IV
Does intramembranous ossification involve cartilage?
No
What bone forms from intramembranous ossification?
skull and clavicle
How does bone remodeling occur?
Osteoblasts build one side and osteoclasts destroy the other
Types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Where are fibrous joints found?
Between the plates of the skull
Where are cartilaginous joints found?
Intervertebral discs
What type of joint moves the most?
Synovial
How does unvascularized articular cartilage receive nutrients?
Synovial fluid
What lines the synovial capsule?
Synoviocytes
What type of cell are synoviocytes
Mesenchymal cells
