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Micro Physiology > Lecture 17-18- Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 17-18- Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The outer layer of the sarcolemma attaches to the…

A

Tendon

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2
Q

Is actin or myosin the Thin Filament?

A

Actin

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3
Q

A-band

A

gray area with actin and myosin

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4
Q

M line

A

inside the H zone, middle of the myosin/sarcomere

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5
Q

What structure intertwines with actin?

A

Tropomyosin, with troponin bound

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6
Q

What does troponin bind?

A

calcium

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7
Q

What does SR stand for?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

What does the SR surround?

A

myofibrils

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9
Q

What does the SR store until muscle contraction

A

Calcium

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10
Q

What are invaginations of the SR that aid in depolarization?

A

T tubules

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11
Q

Order of events leading to muscle contraction after Ach is released at NMJ

A

Ach activates nicotinic receptors on sarcolemma
Na channels open causing depolarization
Ca released from SR
COntraction

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12
Q

If there is less Ca available (milk fever) then what happens at the NMJ

A

less Ach is released –> less depolarization –> less contraction

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13
Q

What is parturient paresis in dogs called?

A

Puerperal tetany

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14
Q

Why is milk fever different between dogs and cows?

A

Dog cell membranes become more permiable to Na during hypocalcemia, aiding in depolarization

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15
Q

what happens when troponin binds to Ca

A

allows myosin and actin to bind

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16
Q

What happens to ATP when actin and myosin bind?

A

ATP is hydrolyzed and actin is pulled

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17
Q

How are ADP and P released from myosin?

A

ATPase

18
Q

Why does rigor mortis occur?

A

There is no ATP to release contraction

19
Q

What are Type I muscle fibers?

A

Slow twitch

20
Q

What are the qualities of slow twitch fibers?

A

Darker color
Myoglobin
more mitochondria
More aerobic

21
Q

What are Type II muscle fibers?

A

Fast twitch

22
Q

What are qualities of Type II muscle fibers?

A

Larger
Extensive SR
fatigue quickly
More powerful

23
Q

What is the energy source of slow twitch fibers?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

24
Q

What are the two classes of Type II fibers?

A

A: intermediate between slow and fast
B: traditional fast twitch

25
Q

Endurance canine athletes use what for fuel?

A

Fatty acids

26
Q

Sprinters have more of what type of muscle fiber?

A

Type II

27
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

LMN and all of the innervated muscle fibers

28
Q

Movement begins with small or large motor units?

A

small

29
Q

Is the sarcoplasmic reticulum more developed in cardia muscle or skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

30
Q

What type of muscle cell does not have T tubules?

A

Smooth muscle

31
Q

What type of muscle cell can be innervated by more than one neuron?

A

Smooth muscle

32
Q

Characteristics of Multiunit Smooth Muscle

A

Autonomic neuron intwines around each muscle cell
Delicate movement
Each fiber can contract independently

33
Q

Characteristics of Single unit smooth muscle

A

Contraction of many cells at once (peristalsis)
cell membranes joined by gap junctions, allowing action potentials to travel between

34
Q

What are calveoli

A

invaginations in smooth muscle SR similar to T tubules

35
Q

Can smooth muscle receive inhibitory signals?

A

No

36
Q

What do smooth muscle cells have instead of NMJ?

A

Varicosities allowing large areas of smooth muscle to be affected at the same time

37
Q

What does smooth muscle have instead of troponin/tropomyosin?

A

Calmodulin

38
Q

What happens to smooth muscle once calcium binds calmodulin?

A

Activation of the myosin light-chain kinase

39
Q

What does smooth muscle use instead of ATP to cock myosin heads?

A

Myosin light-chain kinase

40
Q

What dephosphorylates the myosin light-chain kinase?

A

myosin phosphatase

Micro Physiology (35 decks)

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