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Micro Physiology > Lecture 2-3- Embryology Basics > Flashcards

Lecture 2-3- Embryology Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of pathology examines tissues OUT of context (FNA, scrapes, smears, UA, serum profiles)

A

Clinical pathology

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2
Q

Which type of pathology examines tissues IN context (biopsies, necropsies)

A

Anatomic pathology

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3
Q

Which type of pathology will have flattened cells instead of cut cells?

A

Clinical Pathology

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4
Q

What is a tissue abnormality called?

A

Lesion

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5
Q

What is gastrulation

A

Formation of many lobes after cleavage

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6
Q

What is the fluid-filled cavity within a blastocyst?

A

Blastocoele

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the inner cell mass?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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8
Q

What does the ectoderm become?

A

Skin and nervous system

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9
Q

What does the mesoderm become?

A

Bone, muscles, connective tissue, circulatory system

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10
Q

What does the endoderm become?

A

Lining of GI and resp tracts, liver

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11
Q

What is a cyst?

A

An enodthelially-lined, fluid-filled mass

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12
Q

What is a hyperplasia vs a neoplasia?

A

both are increased cell number/growth. Hyperplasias result in cells that proliferate, but still respond to some signals. Neoplasias do not respond to signals.

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13
Q

What do neoplasms end in?

A

-oma

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14
Q

What is a benign neoplasm or ectodermal origin?

A

adenoma

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15
Q

What is a benign neoplasm of endodermal origin?

A

Adenoma

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16
Q

What is a benign neoplasm or mesodermal origin?

A

Fibroma

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17
Q

What is a malignant neoplasm of ectodermal or endodermal origin?

A

carcinoma

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18
Q

What is a malignant neoplasm of mesodermal origin?

A

Sarcoma

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19
Q

What is a mass with components of all three germ layers?

A

Teratoma

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20
Q

What does the notochord become and what is it made of

A

Vertebral column, made of mesoderm

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21
Q

What does the neural tube become and what is it made of?

A

Brain/spinal cord, made of ectoderm

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22
Q

What comes off of the ectoderm when the neural tube is formed?

A

Neural crest cells

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23
Q

What is within the lumen of the neural tube?

A

CSF

24
Q

What is failure of neural tube closure called?

A

Spina bifida

25
Q

What do neural crest cells become?

A

Melanocytes, schwann cells, and autonomic ganglion cells

26
Q

Name of failure for neural crest cell migration in horses

A

Lethal white foal syndrome

27
Q

Benign melanocyte tumor

A

Melanocytoma

28
Q

Malignant melanocyte tumor

A

Malignant melanocytoma

29
Q

Four extra-embryonic layers

A

Amnion
Yolk sac
Allantois
Chorion

30
Q

Sac around the fetus

A

Amnion

31
Q

Sac or nutrients connected to the fetus

A

Yolk sac

32
Q

Sac surrounding the amniotic sac

A

Allantoic sac

33
Q

Disc of connection between the allantois and the outside

A

chorion

34
Q

Which extra-embryonic membranes are connected?

A

Yolk sac (digestive system) and allantois

35
Q

What separates the fetal GI tracts from being a cloaca

A

Urorectal septum

36
Q

What is the cord that discharges the GI and urinary tracts through the umbillicus until birth

A

Urachus

37
Q

What does a patent urachus cause

A

Urine dribbling from umbilicus

38
Q

What will the urachus become after birth

A

the urachal ligament

39
Q

What causes an umbilical hernia

A

Patent out-pouching of intestines through the umbilicus

40
Q

What is atresia ani

A

Anus does not form

41
Q

What is the parenchyma

A

Key functional elements of an organ

42
Q

What is stroma

A

Supportive framework of an organ

43
Q

What tissue forms the kidneys?

A

Mesoderm

44
Q

What do the mesonephric duct and tubules become?

A

tubular genitalia

45
Q

What do the mesonephros become

A

Gonads

46
Q

Clumps of mesoderm surrounded by endothelium form what?

A

Blood islands that will become the circulatory system

47
Q

What structure separates the atria?

A

Septum primum

48
Q

What structure separates the ventricles?

A

Intra-ventricular sulcus

49
Q

What organs are bypassed in fetal blood circualtion?

A

Lungs and liver

50
Q

What structure allows fetal blood to bypass the liver?

A

Ductus venous

51
Q

What structure allows blood to pass between the atria?

A

Foramen ovale

52
Q

What structure diverts fetal blood away from the lungs and into the aorta?

A

Ductus arteriosus

53
Q

What does the umbilical vein become after birth?

A

Falciform ligament

54
Q

What does the umbilical artery become after birth?

A

Round ligaments of the bladder

55
Q

What does the pink tissue between the falciform and round ligaments become after birth?

A

Urachal ligamant

56
Q

What des the notochord become?

A

intervertebral discs

Micro Physiology (35 decks)

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