Lecture 2-3- Embryology Basics Flashcards
Which type of pathology examines tissues OUT of context (FNA, scrapes, smears, UA, serum profiles)
Clinical pathology
Which type of pathology examines tissues IN context (biopsies, necropsies)
Anatomic pathology
Which type of pathology will have flattened cells instead of cut cells?
Clinical Pathology
What is a tissue abnormality called?
Lesion
What is gastrulation
Formation of many lobes after cleavage
What is the fluid-filled cavity within a blastocyst?
Blastocoele
What are the three layers of the inner cell mass?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
What does the ectoderm become?
Skin and nervous system
What does the mesoderm become?
Bone, muscles, connective tissue, circulatory system
What does the endoderm become?
Lining of GI and resp tracts, liver
What is a cyst?
An enodthelially-lined, fluid-filled mass
What is a hyperplasia vs a neoplasia?
both are increased cell number/growth. Hyperplasias result in cells that proliferate, but still respond to some signals. Neoplasias do not respond to signals.
What do neoplasms end in?
-oma
What is a benign neoplasm or ectodermal origin?
adenoma
What is a benign neoplasm of endodermal origin?
Adenoma
What is a benign neoplasm or mesodermal origin?
Fibroma
What is a malignant neoplasm of ectodermal or endodermal origin?
carcinoma
What is a malignant neoplasm of mesodermal origin?
Sarcoma
What is a mass with components of all three germ layers?
Teratoma
What does the notochord become and what is it made of
Vertebral column, made of mesoderm
What does the neural tube become and what is it made of?
Brain/spinal cord, made of ectoderm
What comes off of the ectoderm when the neural tube is formed?
Neural crest cells
What is within the lumen of the neural tube?
CSF
What is failure of neural tube closure called?
Spina bifida
What do neural crest cells become?
Melanocytes, schwann cells, and autonomic ganglion cells
Name of failure for neural crest cell migration in horses
Lethal white foal syndrome
Benign melanocyte tumor
Melanocytoma
Malignant melanocyte tumor
Malignant melanocytoma
Four extra-embryonic layers
Amnion
Yolk sac
Allantois
Chorion
Sac around the fetus
Amnion
Sac or nutrients connected to the fetus
Yolk sac
Sac surrounding the amniotic sac
Allantoic sac
Disc of connection between the allantois and the outside
chorion
Which extra-embryonic membranes are connected?
Yolk sac (digestive system) and allantois
What separates the fetal GI tracts from being a cloaca
Urorectal septum
What is the cord that discharges the GI and urinary tracts through the umbillicus until birth
Urachus
What does a patent urachus cause
Urine dribbling from umbilicus
What will the urachus become after birth
the urachal ligament
What causes an umbilical hernia
Patent out-pouching of intestines through the umbilicus
What is atresia ani
Anus does not form
What is the parenchyma
Key functional elements of an organ
What is stroma
Supportive framework of an organ
What tissue forms the kidneys?
Mesoderm
What do the mesonephric duct and tubules become?
tubular genitalia
What do the mesonephros become
Gonads
Clumps of mesoderm surrounded by endothelium form what?
Blood islands that will become the circulatory system
What structure separates the atria?
Septum primum
What structure separates the ventricles?
Intra-ventricular sulcus
What organs are bypassed in fetal blood circualtion?
Lungs and liver
What structure allows fetal blood to bypass the liver?
Ductus venous
What structure allows blood to pass between the atria?
Foramen ovale
What structure diverts fetal blood away from the lungs and into the aorta?
Ductus arteriosus
What does the umbilical vein become after birth?
Falciform ligament
What does the umbilical artery become after birth?
Round ligaments of the bladder
What does the pink tissue between the falciform and round ligaments become after birth?
Urachal ligamant
What des the notochord become?
intervertebral discs
