Lecture 5 (Part 1)

Question 1

The term carbohydrate encompasses:

Answer 1

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Disaccharides (2 monosaccharide units)

Oligosaccharides (3-10 monosaccharide units)

Polysaccharides (over 10 monosaccharide units); starches

Question 2

which of the following are not hydrolyzed/broken down by human digestive enzymes:

A. Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
B. Disaccharides (2 monosaccharide units)
C. Oligosaccharides (3-10 monosaccharide units)
D. Polysaccharides (over 10 monosaccharide units); starches

Answer 2

C. Oligosaccharides (3-10 monosaccharide units)

Specifically:
Stachyose
raffinose
verbascose

Question 3

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have 6 carbons, 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens, but the way they are arranged determines how they are dealt with in your body. True or False

(page 11)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How do you differentiate between glucose and galactose in terms of molecule formation?

Page 11

Answer 4

The hydroxyl (HO) group is upwards on glucose

and downwards on galactose

this changes the molecules formation and how it is processed in the body

orientation of OH in carbon 4

Question 5

Amylose, Amylopectin, Glycogen, and Cellulose are all considered what:

A. Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
B. Disaccharides (2 monosaccharide units)
C. Oligosaccharides (3-10 monosaccharide units)
D. Polysaccharides (over 10 monosaccharide units); starches

Answer 5

D. Polysaccharides (over 10 monosaccharide units); starches

Question 6

what is the shape of Amylose:

Answer 6

Linear

Question 7

what bonds make up Amylose:

Answer 7

Alpha (1-4) glycosidic bonds only (binds the 1st carbon to the 4th carbon of the glucose molecule)

Question 8

describe the shape of Amylopectin:

Answer 8

Non linear, more branched

Question 9

what bonds make up Amylopectin:

Answer 9

Has both alpha(1-4) and alpha(1-6) glycosidic bonds (also binds the 1st carbon to the 6th carbon of the glucose molecule)

Question 10

which Polysaccharides are cereal, grains, potatoes, legumes, and other vegetables are rich in

Answer 10

amylose and amylopectin

Question 11

Is Glycogen even more branched than amylopectin?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

why does Glycogen allows a lot more glucose molecules to be picked up

Hint: reference bonds

Answer 12

Has a lot more alpha(1-6) bonds which allows a lot more glucose molecules to be picked up

Question 13

Cellulose is a polysaccharide of what

Answer 13

glucose (similar to glycogen)

Question 14

where is cellulose found

Answer 14

Found as a major component of cell walls in plants

Question 15

difference between cellulose and glycogen

Answer 15

Different from glycogen because this molecule is resistant to human digestive enzymes because the glycosidic bonds that link the glucose molecules are beta(1-4) instead of the alpha(1-4) found in starch