Lecture 10 (Part 1) MIDTERM 2 STARTS HERE Flashcards
Main types of lipids found in foods:
- Fatty acids
- Phospholipids
- Sterols
Lipids Important for:
➢ Energy storage and production (adipose tissue)
➢ Insulation and padding (adipose tissue and fat around internal organs)
➢ Cell signalling
➢ Structural support
➢ Inflammatory responses
➢ Hormonal production (sex hormones and stress hormones)
_____________ The simplest lipids
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids Divided into 3 groups:
➢ Short chain: 2-4 carbons
➢ Medium chain: 6-12 carbons
➢ Long chain: 14-26 carbons
Fatty Acids Type also depends on …..
the absence or presence of double bonds
Do Saturated Fatty Acids have double bonds:
Saturated: no double bonds (palmitic acids 16:0; 16 carbons, 0 double bonds)
Do Unsaturated Fatty Acids have double bonds:
Unsaturated: has double bonds (oleic acid 18:1; 18 carbons, 1 double bond)
Unsaturated fatty acids are divided into:
➢ Monounsaturated: MUFAs (oleic & palmitoleic)
➢ Polyunsaturated: PUFAs (linoleic and arachidonic)
The two main types of MUFAs are:
oleic acid and palmitoleic acid
The two main types of PUFAs are:
linoleic and arachidonic acid
Depending on the ______________________ within the hydrocarbon chain, we can determine the name of Fatty Acids.
Depending on the position of double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain, we can determine the name:
Delta nomenclature:
REVIEW LECTURE NOTES FOR IMAGE
start counting carbons from the carboxyl end
(recognizes both double bonds; official way of naming)
Omega nomenclature:
REVIEW LECTURE NOTES FOR IMAGE
start counting carbons from the methyl end (only
need to know where the first double bond occurs)
Fatty acids can be classified as ……
essential or nonessential
examples of Essential Fatty acids
Linoleic acid (18:2^Δ9,12 ; ⍵-6)
Linolenic acid (18:3^Δ9,12,15; ⍵-3)
How does the human body obtain Essential fatty acids
through diet
Humans lack which two desaturases,
Humans lack Δ12 and Δ15 desaturases, which are enzymes that are crucial to incorporate double bonds at such positions; only plants have these enzymes
why are Δ12 and Δ15 desaturases important
Humans lack Δ12 and Δ15 desaturases, which are enzymes that are crucial to incorporate double bonds at such positions; only plants have these enzymes
what can occur if fat is completely abolished from our diet
Stunted growth, dermatitis, kidney lesions, and early death can occur if fat is completely abolished from out diet
Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature
saturated fat means solid at room temperature (coconut oil)
Are unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature
unsaturated fat means liquid at room temperature
what will determine if fat is solid or liquid at room temperature
Composition of fat will determine if it is solid or liquid at room temperature
Generally, fats that are high in unsaturated fatty acids, including both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, tend to be liquid at room temperature.
BASICALLY IF IT IS SATURATED OR UNSATURATED
Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids** Exert opposing metabolic effects**
Regular consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with:
● Decreased blood pressure and blood clots
● Decreased risk of heart disease and stroke
● Improved defence against inflammatory diseases
Regular consumption of omega-6 fatty acids has been associated with:
omega-6 fatty acids can have a pro-inflammatory effect and can be harmful in copious amounts
Is a lower or higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio generally preferred:
Lower omega-6 : omega-3 ratio
