Lecture 5: Lower Limbs Flashcards
medial border of hip bone
ridge in middle of iliac fossa
auricular surface
where hipbone articulates with sacrum. ilium
ischiopubic ramus
bridges btw ischium and pubis of hip bone
pubic symphysis
where L and R hip bone connect
superior pelvic aperture
inside ring around hip/pelvis
divides pelvic area into 2 smaller regions: greater/false pelvis- sits superior to the aperture
lesser/true pelvis- inferior
inferior pelvic aperture components
pubic symphysis
ischipubic ramus
ischial tuberosity
sacrotuberous ligament- bridges btw ischial tuberosity and sacrrum
coccyx
where does femus articulate with hip
acetabulum
adductor tubercle
bony elevation on medial condyle (distal end of femur)
Intercondylar notch
notch btw two condyles of femur. visible posteriorly
linea aspera
on posterior side of femur
rough bony line
lots of muscles attach
purpose of sesamoid bones and example
prevent friction btw tendons of muscles and joints. faciliate fxn of muscle they are embedded in
ex: femur
biomechanical POV: increase efficiency of muscle. just because of patella, our quads can generate up to 30% more power
Tibia
long bone, articulating proximally with condyles of femur
* Two articular surfaces- exception!! They are not convex, they are concave, but still condyles
tibial tuberosity
bony elevation proximal end of tibia
distal end of tibia?
large bony process- medial malleolous: easily palpable
proximal end of fibula
= head.
below head= neck, weakest part. if you break it, damage nerve, can’t do dorsiflexion. impacts gate
fractures are rarely fixed. head of fibula does not touch femur, so it doesn’t receive body weight. almost no role in transfering body weight. insignifcant bone. remove upper 2/3rds if fractured. have to save distal third because it has role in fxn/stability of ankle.
lateral malleolous
distal end of fibula
is the distal end of tibia or fibula larger?
tibia!
which bone of lower limb gets low blood supply
tibia
how many bones in ankle (tarsal)
7
largest bone of tarsal region
calcaneous. heel bone
which bones does talus articulate with
calcaneous, navicular, tibia, fibula
which bones does calcaneous aritulate with
talus, cuboid (anterior surface)
what bones are in front of navicular
cuneiforms. differentiated from medial to lateral (medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneifrom, lateral cuneiform)
what type of bones are metatarsals
long
how to differentiate metatarsal
from medial to lateral
what is proximal end of metatarsal or phalanges called
base
what is distal end of metatarsal or phalanges called
head
how many phalanges do toes have
3: proximal, middle, distal
except toe has 2
what type of bones are phalanges
long
ilium
ischium
pubis
acetabulum- point of fusion btw ilium, ischium, pubis
*articulates with head of femur
what is the green dotted line? what is arrow pointing to?
green: iliac crest
arrow: obturator foramen. attachment site for muscle
What is PSIS? PIIS?
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
(smaller than ASIS)
what is the notch below PIIS
greater sciatic notch. turns into a foramen by a ligament, lots of structures pass thru here
what is ASIS?? AIIS?
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
bigger than PSIS
ischial spine
ischial tuberosity
what u sit on!
pubic crest
what is blacked out?
medial border
auricular surface. Articulates with auricular surface of sacrum. Make sacroiliac joint
superior pubic ramus
body of pubis
ischiopubic ramus
