Lecture 2: Intro to Skeletal System Flashcards
Principal functions of skeletal system?
- Movement
- Protection
- Homeostasis of minerals
- RBC production
- Storage minerals/lipids
Types of bones (shapes)?
Long (i.e. humerous)
Short (i.e. ankle)
Flat (i.e. sternum)
Irregular (i.e. vertebrae)
Sesamoid (I.e. patella)
Types of bones (shapes)?
Long (i.e. humerous)
Short (i.e. ankle)
Flat (i.e. sternum)
Irregular (i.e. vertebrae)
Sesamoid (I.e. patella)
largest sesamoid bone in body
patella
2 divisions of skeletons in skeletal system
- axial
- appendicular
what are sesamoid bones
embedded within tendons of muscles. prevent rubbing of tendon against joint. I.e. patella
what is axial skeleton
Skull
Vertebral Column
Ribs
Sternum
Appendicular bones
Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Girdles
appendicular bones which attach other appendicular bones to axial *shoulder girdle= clavicle & scapula)
2 major types of bones in skull
- Neurocranium
- Viscerocranium
what bone forms forehead
frontal bone. single
what bone forms upper jaw
Maxilla. Paired bone. purple in image
what bone forms lower jaw.
Mandible. Unpaired. dark blue in image
light blue in image
Zygomatic. paired bone.
3 cavities that connect cranium to orbital cavity
- optical canal
- superior orbital fissure
- inferior orbital fissure
How many paired bones are in nasal conchae?
3 pairs:
- superior nasal conchae
- middle
- inferior
inferior nasal concha is an individual bone, the other two are part of ethmoid
How many bones in neurocranium?
8!!
occipital bone, 2 temporal, 2 parietal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
How many bones in viscerocranium?
14
Where is zygomatic arch? What are the bones that form it
zygomatic + temporal bone.
Above jaw
Function of lacrimal bone
has duct which carries tears from eyes to nasal duct
mastoid
bony process behind ear (part of mandible)
styloid
bony process. sharp stick (part of mandible)
what is the circled feature
condylar process
(part of mandible)
articulates with temporal bone (TMJ)
what is circled?
coronoid process
attachment site for muscle which closes jaw (part of mandible)
ramus
(part of mandible)
bony plate of mandible
coronoid and condylar processes are on the ramus of the mandible
sagittal suture
btw L and R parietal bones
external occipital protuberance
bony elevation on occipital bone
lambdoid suture
btw occipital bone and parietal bones
suture
joint btw bones of skull. not movable
coronal suture
btw frontal and parietal bones
bregma
anterior fontanel remnant
lambda
posteroir fontanel remnant
what 2 bones is hard palate made of
- maxilla
- Palatine (posterior)
vomer & choana
contributes to median nasal cavities
The posterior edge of the palate forms the inferior boundary of the choanae (posterior
nasal apertures), which are separated from each other by
the vomer. The vomer is a thin, flat bone that forms a part
of the bony nasal septum
pteryigoid
bony process in middle sphenoid
occipital condyle
convex, smooth surface on occipital bone. articulate iwth first cervical vertebrae
*articulated to CI
3 cranial cavities
- anterior cranial fossa
- middle cranial fossa
- posterior cranial fossa
cribiform plate of ethmoid
ethmoid=notch in frontal bone
has openings for CN1. sense of smell
how is sphenoid divided
greater and lesser wing, and pterygoid process.
hyphophyseal fossa (sella turcica)
cavity in sphenoid. pituitary gland sits here.
foramen rotundum
round opening in sphenoid
foramen ovale
oval opening in sphenoid
foramen spinosum
small, needle like opening in sphenoid
petrous
hardest part of skull. part of temporal bone. middle and inner ears contained here
foramen lacerum
in temporal bone. opening “lacerated”
internal acoustic meatus
opening just behind petrosu
jugular foramen
one of largest opening. occipital bone
What is a condyle?
rounded articular area
what is an epicondyle?
eminnce superior to a condyle
what is a facet
smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone
what is a foramen
pasage thru a bone
what is a fossa
hollow or depressed area
what is this
foramen magnum
what is circled
vomer
-separates the choanae
what is this
hard palate
purple=maxilla
pink=palatine
what is this
choana
-posterior nasal opening
what is blacked out
jugular foramen
what is blacked out
foramen ovale
in sphenoid
foramen rotundum
in sphenoid
whats circled
ethmiod
what this
hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica)
cavity in sphenoid. pituitary gland sits herr
whats this
formen spinosum
in sphenoid
whats this
optic canal
whats this
petrous
hardest part of skull
part of temporal bone
