Lecture 26: Lower GI

Question 1

label 1-6

Answer 1

1. liver
2. pancreas
3. transverse mesocolon
4. mesntery
5. uterus
6. rectum

Question 2

label 7-14

Answer 2

7. coronary ligament
8. lesser omentum
9. stomach
10. transverse colon
11. greater eomentum
12. visceral Peritoneum
13. parietal Peritoneum
14. Urinary bladder

Question 3

what is peritoneum

Answer 3

serous membrane containing most of abdo viscera. produces serous fluid, facilitate movement lower GI against each other

Question 4

what are two layers peritoneum

Answer 4

parietal
peritoneum, that lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity, and
the visceral peritoneum, which covers the surface of most of the
abdominal and pelvic viscer

Question 5

peritoneal ligament

Answer 5

connects two abdominal organs together

Question 6

mesentery

Answer 6

connects small intestine to posterior abdo wall

Question 7

meso

Answer 7

connects different parts of large intestine to posterior abdo wall

Question 8

omentum

Answer 8

attached to stomach

Question 9

intraperitoneal organs

Answer 9

completely covered by visceral peritoneum

Question 10

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 10

located btw parietal peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall

Question 11

peritoneal cavity in M vs F

Answer 11

slim space between parietal and visceral
layers of the peritoneum
contains serous fluid to lubricate the surfaces of the abdominal contents.

The peritoneal cavity is
an enclosed sac in males

in females it is connected with exterior
via the cavity of the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.

Question 12

what are the three types of peritoneal reflections

Answer 12

peritoneal ligament: connect abdo viscera to abdo walls or other organs (i.e. falciform ligament, connects liver to ant abdo wall and diaphragm)

2. mesenteries: connect small intestine (except duodenum), transverse colon, sigmoid colon, appendix to posterior abdo wall

3.omenta: stretched btw stomach and other organs
greater omentum connects greater curvature of stomach to transverse mesocolon

lesser omentum connects liver to small curvature of stomach and first part duodenum

Question 13

what sensitizes the parital peritoneum

Answer 13

afferent somatic fibres (phrenic, lower intercostal)

Question 14

what sensitizes visceral peritoneum

Answer 14

afferent autonomic fibres

Question 15

fxn peritoneal reflections

Answer 15

passageway for blood vessels, nerve, lymphatic vessels. avoid entanglement

Question 16

coronary ligament

Answer 16

peritoneal ligament which attaches liver to another organ, diaphragm

Question 17

what are intraperitoneal organs

Answer 17

stomach, uterus, liver, small intestine, some of large intestine

LULSS

Question 18

what are retroperitoneal ligaments

Answer 18

pancreas, rectum, bladder , kidney

PBR, K?

Question 19

Answer 19

1. liver
2. lessesr omentum (aka gastrohepatic lig.)
3. stomach
4. greater omentum

Question 20

how does greater omentum move? whats it attached to

Answer 20

chemotaxic movement

attached to greater curvature of stomach and free brder inferiorly

Question 21

Answer 21

1. greater omentum
2. transverse colon
3. transverse mesocolon (peritoneal ref.)
   4.descending colon
   5.mesentery (binds small intestine to post abdo wall)
4. sigmoid mesocolon (attach sigmoid colon to post abdo wall)
5. sigmoid colon

Question 22

label A-D

Answer 22

A. Fundus
B. Body
C. Pyloric antrum
D.Pyloric canal

Question 23

label 1-7

Answer 23

1. duodenum
2. pyloris
3. lesser curvature
4. esophagus
5. cardia
6. greater curvature
7. rugae

Question 24

what is cardia

Answer 24

where stomach joins esophagus
at TXI

Question 25

what is fundus

Answer 25

part of stomach above cardia

Question 26

what is body of stomach

Answer 26

part below cardia

Question 27

what are rugae

Answer 27

folds. only visible when stomach is empty. allows espanxion

Question 28

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 28

1. duodenum: retroperitoneal. 25 cm 2. jejunum: first 2/5 of small intestine. mostly in umbillical region 3. ileum: 3/5 of small intestine. mostly hypogastric region jejunum and ileum are intraperitoneal. attached to posterior wall by mesentery

Question 29

Answer 29

1. vermiform appendix 2. cecum 3. ileoceccal valve 4. right colic (hepatic) flexure 5. lef colic (splenic) flexure 6. tenia coli 7. haustrum 8. anal canal

Question 30

how long is large intestine

Answer 30

1.5m

Question 31

cecum

Answer 31

receives ileum and opening appendix

Question 32

fxn appendix

Answer 32

part of immune system. important begore age 10 for B lymphocytes

Question 33

where does ascending colon bend

Answer 33

just below liver. = right colic flecure (aka hepatic flexure)

Question 34

where does transverse colon bend

Answer 34

left colic/splenic flexure

Question 35

what is tenia coli

Answer 35

band of smooth muscle fibre in large intestine. contraction = sac like tructure form along length of intesine = Haustrum

Question 36

blood supply abdominal part of alimentary canal

Answer 36

celiac trunk divides into L gastric, common hepatic, and splenic branches which supply esohagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, upper duodenum superior mesenteric artery supplies lower duodenum, small part of pancreas, small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right 2/3 transverse colon inferior mesenteric artery supplies left rhid of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal

Question 37

sympathetic niput to abdomino-pelvic region

Answer 37

splanchnic nerves

Question 38

PSN input to abdomino-pelvic region

Answer 38

CNX or pelvic sphalcnic