Lecture 28: Urinary System Flashcards
name the components of urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
fxn urinary system
filter the blood and dispose some of the waste byproducts of metabolic reactions in human body. This system also plays a major role in fluid and electrolyte balance.
are kidneys retro or intraperitoneal
retro
how is left kidney related to abdo viscera
anteriorly related to stomach, pancreas, spleen, L colic flexure
how is right kidney related to abdo viscera
anteriorly related to liver, duodenum, R colic flexure
which kidney is lower
R(rib 12) bc of liver
L is rib 11 and 12
- IVC
- diaphragm
3 adrenal glands
4 kidneys
5 left ureter
6 urinary bladder
7 urethra
what are the 4 layers of kidney tissue from inside to out
- fibrous capsul: dense, irregular. mechanical proection, gives shape
- peri-renal fat: cushions, thermal insulation
- renal fasica; loose connective tissue. anchors, stabilizes
- para-renal fat: outside fascia, mostly behind kidney
- fibrous capsul
- peri-renal fat
- renal fascia
- para-renal fat
role of nephron
filter urine from blood. release urine into minor calyx
what are the two regions of kidneys
cortex and medulla
what is deep to renal cortex
renal pyramids. darker regions which form medulla. separated by extensions of cotex “renal columns
renal pyramid
each has a base which faces toward thec capsule/cortex and an apex “papilla” which faces toward hilum
where are nephrons
within pyramids and crtex
what is minor calyx
space that receives papila. join together to form major calyx.
what do major calyxes do
they are the union of minor calyxes. then all major calyxes join togethr to form renal pelvis
how many renal lobes are there
anywhere btw 8-18 (same as # of pyramids)
renal sinus
space in kidney which contains minor/major calyx, renal pelvis, blood vessel, nerves, lymphatic vessels. entrance to sinus=hilum
what structures are in renal hilum
- renal vein
- renl artery
- renal pelvis
** URETER IS OUTSIDE OF HILUM. it is a continuation of pelvis
- renal lobe
- major calyx
- minor calyx
4.renal papilla
5.nephron - renal capsule
- renal pyramid
- renal sinus
- renal pelvis
- ureter
ureter- start, end, peritoneum
starts at renal pelvis
ends at urinary bladder
25 cm long
retroperitoneal
narrowings along ureter
- At the beginning when it exits pelvis at level of LI
- When ureter crosses common iliac artery. At level of sacroiliac joint
- When ureter enters bladder (narrowest) at level of SII
kidney stnoes would get stuck at these narrowings
difference btw M and F bladder
Males:
posterior features: Vas Deferens, Seminal vesicles, rectum
superior featuers: sigmoid colon, small intestine
The peritoneum covering superior surface reflects on anterior surface rectum, forms rectovesical pouch
inferolateral surface: pelvic floor
Females:
posterior features: uterus and vagina
superior: uterus, small intestine
peritoneum reflects to cover uterus and reflects on rectum to form uteroveiscal and rectouterine pouches
inferolateral: pelvic wall/diaphragm
where does pelvic part of ureter cross in M vs F
M: ductus deference
F: uterine artery
is bladder retro or intra peri
retro
- seminal vesicle
- base of bladder
- right ureter
- peritoneum
5.pubic symphysis
6.apex - Vas deferens
- urethra
- prostate gland
- vagina
- peritoneum
- urinary bladder
- pubic symphysis
- urethra
trigone
small trinagular area on base of bladder (anterior surface). landmark for inserting catheters.
upper corners = lateral angles
- external urethral sphincter
- internal urethral sphincter
- ureteral openings (lateral angles)
- peritoneum
- ureter
- prostatic urethra
sphincters of urethra
- internal urethral sphincter (smooth, involuntary)
- external urethral sphincter (skeletal, voluntary)
male urethra parts
- preprostatic (intramural). startns frmo internal urethral rifice, passes thru neck of bldder. surrounded by internal urethral sphincter
- prostatic urethra: passes thru prostate. prostatic and ejaculatory ducts open here
3.membranous urethra: narrowest. passes thru pelvic floor, surrounded by external sphincter
- spongy (penile) urethra: longest part, passes thru penis, ends as external urethral orifice. bulbuorethral hlands poen to it
female urethra
4 cm long and starts from the internal
urethral orifice at the neck of urinary bladder and ends as the external
urethral orifice to the exterior below the clitoris at the vestibule
blood suppply urinary system
kidney and upper part of the ureter are supplied by the renal artery.
Branches of the internal iliac artery supply the lower part of ureter,
urinary bladder, and urethra
innervaion kidneys and upper ureters
renal plexuses surrounding the renal arteries innervate the kidneys
and upper part of ureters. The sympathetic input to these plexuses
is provided by the lesser, least, and lumbar splanchnic nerves.
The
parasympathetic input to these plexuses is provided by the C X
innervation urinary bladder and urethra
inferior hypogastric pleux
sympathetic input to these plexuses= lumbar/sacral splachnic
PSN input to these= pelvic splachnic
