Lecture 4: Upper limbs Flashcards
What is the only long bone that sits in the horizontal plane?
Clavicle!
What is the first bone to ossify
clavicle
feature of clavicle
Lateral (acronomial) end- articulates with scapula
Body (shaft)
Medial (sternal) end. articulates with sternum
Medial vs lateral curve of clavicle
medial is convex anteriorly
lateral is convex posteriorly
what type of bone is scapula
flat, triangular.
what are the 3 borders of scapula
superior
medial/vertebral
lateral/axillary
subscapular fossa
cavity under scapula. attachment sites for muscle
glenoid fossa
articulates with humerus to form shoulder joint
coracoid process
attachment site for some muscles
acromion process
Lateral extension of spine of scapula. Also palatable
spine of scapula
divides anterior and posterior surface of scapula into two.
what two fossas are divided by spine of scapula
supraspinous fossa: smaller
infraspinous fosasa- below. bigger
features of proximal end of humerus
head- smooth/spherical area
anatomical neck- encircles head
greater and lesser tubercles below neck,, divided by intertubercular bicipital groove
surgical neck below tubercles. wraps around bone
*two necks!
where is a fracture of the humerus most likely to happen
surgical neck
features of distal end of humerus
Condyle of humerus is divided into two areas:
1. Trochea (means pull)
2. Capitulum- round spherical area
medial epicondyle- above condyle. bigger
lateral epicondyle
coronoid fossa- above trochea. shallow fossa
radial fossa- above capitulum. smaller than coronoid
radial groove- on back of shaft. radial nerve travels through
olecranon fossa- right above trochea
Features of Ulna
Olecranon process- when u extend elbow, it is housed within olecranon fossa
coronoid process- when elbow flexes, coronoid process is housed in coronoid fossa
ulnar tuberosity- rough surface below coronoid. attachment site for muscle
distal end of ulna: smaller. has head, styloid process beside head
features of radius
proximal end: head of radius, and neck just below it
radial tuberosity- bony elevation where bicep attaches
distal end of radius is larger than proximal. styloid process
how many bones make up carpal region
8
Classify the carpal bones into proximal and distal. start from lateral to medial
Proximal:
1. Scaphoid
2. Lunate
3. Triquetrum
4. Pisiform
Distal:
1. Trapezium
2. Trapezoid
3. Capitate
4. Hamate
Scared of lunar triceratops pissing? Trap those trapezoids and decapitate the ham!
what is the largest carpal bone
capitate
most common bone to dislocate in carpal region
lunate
most common bone to fracture in carpal region? complications
scaphoid
Fracture of scaphoid happens at narrow part (neck), prone to fractures. Artery travels through length of bone. Fracture usually cuts artery. Part of bone deprived in blood supply. Results in avascular necrosis (tissue death due to lack of blood supply). Scaphoid is responsible for 60% of movement of wrist.
what type of bones are metacarpals and phalanges
long
how many phalanges does each digit have
- except for thumb which has 2
what are the three types of phalanges
proximal, middle, distal
how to number metacarpals
laterally to medially. first metacarpal = thumb
which metacarpal is at biggest risk for fracture?
third. boxers fracture
how many curves does clavicle have
2 medial and 2 lateral curves that are opposite direction
which is the first long bone to ossify
clavicle
how is head of humerus positioned compared to other parts of humerus
superiorly and medially
which bone is prone to fracture of carpal? dislocate?
fracture=scaphoid
llunate=dislo
what is the lateral bone of the proximal row of carpal bones called
scaphoid
what is the posteroinferior part of hip bone called
iscjium
what is the supeior part of hipbone called
ileum
what is the anteroinferior part o hip boen called
pubis
what happens if u damage nerve in neck of fibula
cant do dorsiflexion
