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CAPS391 Winter 2023 > Lecture 4: Upper limbs > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Upper limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only long bone that sits in the horizontal plane?

A

Clavicle!

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2
Q

What is the first bone to ossify

A

clavicle

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3
Q

feature of clavicle

A

Lateral (acronomial) end- articulates with scapula

Body (shaft)

Medial (sternal) end. articulates with sternum

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4
Q

Medial vs lateral curve of clavicle

A

medial is convex anteriorly
lateral is convex posteriorly

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5
Q

what type of bone is scapula

A

flat, triangular.

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6
Q

what are the 3 borders of scapula

A

superior
medial/vertebral
lateral/axillary

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7
Q

subscapular fossa

A

cavity under scapula. attachment sites for muscle

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8
Q

glenoid fossa

A

articulates with humerus to form shoulder joint

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9
Q

coracoid process

A

attachment site for some muscles

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10
Q

acromion process

A

Lateral extension of spine of scapula. Also palatable

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11
Q

spine of scapula

A

divides anterior and posterior surface of scapula into two.

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12
Q

what two fossas are divided by spine of scapula

A

supraspinous fossa: smaller
infraspinous fosasa- below. bigger

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13
Q

features of proximal end of humerus

A

head- smooth/spherical area
anatomical neck- encircles head
greater and lesser tubercles below neck,, divided by intertubercular bicipital groove
surgical neck below tubercles. wraps around bone

*two necks!

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14
Q

where is a fracture of the humerus most likely to happen

A

surgical neck

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15
Q

features of distal end of humerus

A

Condyle of humerus is divided into two areas:
1. Trochea (means pull)
2. Capitulum- round spherical area

medial epicondyle- above condyle. bigger
lateral epicondyle

coronoid fossa- above trochea. shallow fossa

radial fossa- above capitulum. smaller than coronoid

radial groove- on back of shaft. radial nerve travels through

olecranon fossa- right above trochea

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16
Q

Features of Ulna

A

Olecranon process- when u extend elbow, it is housed within olecranon fossa

coronoid process- when elbow flexes, coronoid process is housed in coronoid fossa

ulnar tuberosity- rough surface below coronoid. attachment site for muscle

distal end of ulna: smaller. has head, styloid process beside head

17
Q

features of radius

A

proximal end: head of radius, and neck just below it

radial tuberosity- bony elevation where bicep attaches

distal end of radius is larger than proximal. styloid process

18
Q

how many bones make up carpal region

A

8

19
Q

Classify the carpal bones into proximal and distal. start from lateral to medial

A

Proximal:
1. Scaphoid
2. Lunate
3. Triquetrum
4. Pisiform

Distal:
1. Trapezium
2. Trapezoid
3. Capitate
4. Hamate

Scared of lunar triceratops pissing? Trap those trapezoids and decapitate the ham!

20
Q

what is the largest carpal bone

A

capitate

21
Q

most common bone to dislocate in carpal region

A

lunate

22
Q

most common bone to fracture in carpal region? complications

A

scaphoid

Fracture of scaphoid happens at narrow part (neck), prone to fractures. Artery travels through length of bone. Fracture usually cuts artery. Part of bone deprived in blood supply. Results in avascular necrosis (tissue death due to lack of blood supply). Scaphoid is responsible for 60% of movement of wrist.

23
Q

what type of bones are metacarpals and phalanges

A

long

24
Q

how many phalanges does each digit have

A
  1. except for thumb which has 2
25
Q

what are the three types of phalanges

A

proximal, middle, distal

26
Q

how to number metacarpals

A

laterally to medially. first metacarpal = thumb

27
Q

which metacarpal is at biggest risk for fracture?

A

third. boxers fracture

28
Q

how many curves does clavicle have

A

2 medial and 2 lateral curves that are opposite direction

29
Q

which is the first long bone to ossify

A

clavicle

30
Q

how is head of humerus positioned compared to other parts of humerus

A

superiorly and medially

31
Q

which bone is prone to fracture of carpal? dislocate?

A

fracture=scaphoid
llunate=dislo

32
Q

what is the lateral bone of the proximal row of carpal bones called

A

scaphoid

33
Q

what is the posteroinferior part of hip bone called

A

iscjium

34
Q

what is the supeior part of hipbone called

A

ileum

35
Q

what is the anteroinferior part o hip boen called

A

pubis

36
Q

what happens if u damage nerve in neck of fibula

A

cant do dorsiflexion

CAPS391 Winter 2023 (29 decks)

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