Lecture 18: Lower Limbs Muscular

Question 1

label

Answer 1

1. Gluteus medius
   2, gluteus maximus

=posterior superficial muscles

Question 2

O/I/F/N of gluteus medius

Answer 2

origin: lateral surface ilium
insertion; lateral surface greater trochanter
fxn: prime mover for abduction hip
innervation: superiorgluteal nerve

Question 3

prime mover abduction hip

Answer 3

gluteus medius

Question 4

reverse fxn of gluteus medius

Answer 4

brings ilium down to femur, occurs during walking. levels pelvis

Question 5

strongest muscle in body?

Answer 5

lat. dorsi

Question 6

what is trendelberg gait

Answer 6

paralysis gluteas medius

Question 7

o/i/f/n gluteus maximus

Answer 7

origin: lateral surface ilium and posterior surface sacrum

insert: gluteal tuberosity of femur. most fibres indirectly attach to lateral condyle tibia (IT Band)

fxN: prime mover hip extension and stability to knnee joint via IT band

nerve: sacral plexus inferogluteal nerve

Question 8

prime mover hip extension

Answer 8

gluteus maximus

Question 9

label. are they superifical or deep?

Answer 9

1. sciatic nerve
2. gluteus medius (sup)
3. gluteus minimus (superficial)
4. piriforms (deep)
   gluteus maximus (sup)

Question 10

largest nerve in body?

Answer 10

sciatic

Question 11

o/i/f/n Piriformis

Answer 11

origin: anterior surface sacrum in pelvis
exits pelvic cavity via greater sciatic foramen

insertion: medial surface greater trochanter femur

fxn: lateral rotation hip

nerve: sacral plexus (prifiorm”

Question 11

o/i/f/n Piriformis

Answer 11

origin: anterior surface sacrum in pelvis
exits pelvic cavity via greater sciatic foramen

insertion: medial surface greater trochanter femur

fxn: lateral rotation hip

nerve: sacral plexus (prifiorm)

note+ number 4 in image

Question 12

label.

what is each compartment known as?

Answer 12

1. medial compartment
2. sciatic nerve
3. femur

Question 13

what are the compartments of the thigh? innervations?

Answer 13

Posterior: “flexor” compartment. Sciatic nerve

Middle: “adductor” compartment. Obtrurator nerve (lumbar)

Anterior: “extensor” of knee. Femoral Nerve (lumbar)

PFS
MAO
AEF

Question 14

label #1-4

Answer 14

1. Psoas major
2. Iliacus

1+2=iliopsoas

3. quadriceps femoris
4. tibial tuberosity

(JUST FYI:
5.sartorius
6.patella
7. patellar ligament)

Question 15

label 5-7

Answer 15

5.sartorius
6.patella
7. patellar ligament

Question 16

explain o/i/f/n of iliopsoas

Answer 16

psoas major origin=lumbar vertebrae
iliacus origin= medial surface ilium (iliac fossa)

insert: lesser trochanter femur
fxn: prime mover flexion hip

psoas major=ant. rami of L1-L3
iliacus=femoral nerve

Question 17

explain o/i/f/n quadriceps femoris

Answer 17

origin: hip bone and shaft of femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quad and petallar tendons
fxn: prime mover extension knee
innervation: femoral

Question 18

what mover extension knee

Answer 18

quadriceps femoris

Question 19

Answer 19

1. adductor brevis
2. adductor magnus

Question 20

explain o/i/f/n adductor magnus

Answer 20

origin: ischialpubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
insert: linea aspera and adductor tubercle
fxn: adduction (obtrurator nerve) of hip and extension (sciatic nerve) of hip

Question 21

what muscle is this? explain o/i/f/n

Answer 21

biceps femoris

origin: long head-ischiotuberosity. short head- shaft femur

insert: head fibula

fxn: prime mover flexion knee. extension hip

nerve: sciatic

Question 22

prime mover knee flexion

Answer 22

biceps femoris

Question 23

Answer 23

left= extensor digitorum longus
right=tibialis anterior

Question 24

explain o/i/f/n extensor digitorum longus

Answer 24

origin: tibia and fibula

insert: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes

fxn: prime mover extension toes and dorsiflexion

nerve: deep fibular

Question 25

prime mover extension toes

Answer 25

extensor digitorum longus

Question 26

explain o/i/f/n tibialis anterior

Answer 26

origin: tibial (upper third)
insert: medial cuneiform
fxn: dorsiflexion and inversion foot
nerve: deep fibular

Question 27

generally speaking what do muscles of anterior leg do?

Answer 27

extend toes and dorsiflexion (extension) of ankle.
innervated by fibular nerve

Question 28

generally speaking what do muscles of posterior leg do? what nerve supplies

Answer 28

plantarflexion
tibial

Question 29

Answer 29

1. gastrocnemius
   2, soleus
2. calcaneal/achiles tendon

Question 30

explain o/i/f/n gastrocnemius

Answer 30

origin: medial/lateral epicondyle femur

insert: calcaneous thru achiles

fxn: flex knee and plantarflexion ankle

nerve: bracnh of sciatic (tibial)

=posterior leg

Question 31

explain o/i/f/n soleus

Answer 31

origin: tibia
insert: calcaneous
fxn:plantarflexion ankle **prime mover

Question 32

prime mover plantarflexion

Answer 32

soleus

Question 33

Answer 33

left=soleus
righ=tibialis posterior

Question 34

explain o/i/f/n tibialis posterior

Answer 34

origin: tibia and fibula
insert: all tarsal bones except talus
fxn; plantar flexion and maintain foot arches
nerve: tibial

Question 35

Answer 35

fibularis (peroneus) longus

lateral compartment

Question 36

explain o/i/f/n fibularis longus

Answer 36

o: fibula
i: medial cuneiforms
fxn:prime mover eversion foot
nerve: fibular

Question 37

prime mover eversion

Answer 37

fibularis longus

Question 38

explain the layers of the muscles in plantar aspect of foot

Answer 38

Layer 1: Abd. 1 and 5. Flexion 2-5

Layer 2: Flex 2-5

Layer 3: Adduction 1, Flexion 1 and 5

fourth layer=interossei

Question 39

what does the plantar interossei do?

Answer 39

adduction toes

Question 40

what does the dorsal interossei do?

Answer 40

abduction toes

Question 41

what are three transisional areas in lower limb

Answer 41

1. femoral triangle
2. popliteal fossa
3. tarsal tunnel